摸鱼儿·东皋寓居
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宋代]：晁补之
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无人独舞。任翠幄张天，柔茵藉地，酒尽未能去。
青绫被，莫忆金闺故步。儒冠曾把身误。弓刀千骑成何事，荒了邵平瓜圃。君试觑。满青镜、星星鬓影今如许。功名浪语。便似得班超，封侯万里，归计恐迟暮。
摸鱼儿·东皋寓居译文及注释
译文
买到池塘，在岸边栽上杨柳，看上去好似淮岸江边，风光极为秀美。刚下过雨，鹭、鸥在池塘中间的沙洲上聚集，很是好看。而最好看的是一川溪水映着明月，点点银光照着水上沙洲。四周无人，翩然独舞，自斟自饮。头上是浓绿的树幕，脚底有如茵的柔草，酒喝光了还不忍离开。
不要留恋过去的仕宦生涯，读书做官是耽误了自己。自己也曾做过地方官，但仍一事无成，反而因做官而使田园荒芜。您不妨看看，从镜子里可发现鬓发已经白了不少。所谓“功名”，不过是一句空话。连班超那样立功于万里之外，被封为定远侯，但归故乡时已经年岁老大，也是太晚了。
注释
摸鱼儿：本为唐教坊曲，后用为词牌。又名“摸鱼子”。双调一百一十六字，前片六仄韵，后片七仄韵。东皋：即东山。作者在贬谪后退居故乡时，曾修葺了东山的归来园。寓居：寄居。
陂（bēi）塘：池塘。
旋：很快，不久。
依稀：好像是。
嘉雨：一场好雨。
沙觜（zuǐ）：即沙嘴，突出在水中的沙洲。觜，同“嘴”。
渚（zhǔ）：水中的小洲（岛）。
翠幄（wò）：绿色的帐幕，指池岸边的垂柳。
柔茵：柔软的褥子。这里指草地。藉：铺垫。
青绫被：汉代制度规定，尚书郎值夜班，官供新青缣白绫被或锦被。这里用来代表做官时的物质享受。
金闺：汉朝宫门的名称，又叫金马门，是学士们著作和草拟文稿的地方。这里泛指朝廷。晁补之曾做过校书郎、著作佐郎这样的官。
儒冠：指读书人。
弓刀千骑（jì）：指地方官手下佩带武器的卫队。
邵平瓜圃：邵平是秦时人，曾被封为东陵侯。秦亡，在长安城东种瓜，瓜有五色，味很甜美。世称东陵瓜。
觑（qù）：细看，细观。
青镜：青铜镜。古代镜子多用青铜制成，故称青镜。
星星：指头发花白的样子。如许：这么多。
浪语：空话，废话。
班超：东汉名将，在西域三十余年，七十余岁才回到京都洛阳，不久即去世。
迟暮：晚年，此指归来已晚。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：954-955
摸鱼儿·东皋寓居创作背景
晁补之政治上接近苏轼，是书门四学士之一，随着元祐党人地位的变化而沉浮宦海。崇宁二年（1103）被免官回到故乡（山东巨野），自号归来子，于东山上修葺归来园，过着陶渊明式的隐士生活。这首词就是此时所作。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：954-955
摸鱼儿·东皋寓居鉴赏
买陂塘、旋栽杨柳，依稀淮岸江浦。东皋嘉雨新痕涨，沙觜鹭来鸥聚。堪爱处最好是、一川夜月光流渚。
这首《摸鱼儿》，是晁补之的代表作。此词不仅描写了东山“归去来园”的园中景色，还叹恨自己为功名而耽误了隐居生涯。其主旨是表示对官场生活的厌弃，对美好的田园生活的向往。
上片写景，描绘出一幅冲淡平和，闲适宁静的风景画，表现了归隐的乐趣：陂塘杨柳，野趣天成，仿佛淮水两岸，湘江之滨的青山绿水。东皋新雨，草木葱茏，山间溪水的涨痕清晰可辨，沙州上聚集着白鹭、鸥鸟，一片静穆明净的景色。然而最令人神往的，莫过于满山明月映照着溪流，将那一川溪水与点点沙洲裹上了一层银装。以“一川”形容夜月，可见月色朗洁，清辉遍照。“光流渚”三字则将宁谧的月色写得流动活跃，水与月浑然一体，那滔滔汩汩流动着的，难以辩识那是溪水还是月光：完全是一幅动静谐和的山中月夜图。面对着此景，词人翩然起舞。池塘四周，绿草如茵，偌大的世界好像只剩下他一个人，他尽情地领略这池塘月色，酒尽了还不忍离开。词之上片，寓情于景，表现了归隐的乐趣。绘色绘影的描写中，可见到作者“诗传画外意，贵有画中态”的高超艺术表现力。词中用了由大及细，由抽象到具体的写法，先说园内景色如淮岸湘浦，是大处落墨，总述全貌；接着写雨至水涨，鸥鹭悠闲，是水边常见景物，但已见其明丽清幽；最后以“堪爱处”、“最好是”引出野居幽栖的最佳景象。
下片即景抒情，以议论出之，表现了厌弃官场、激流勇退的情怀。词人直陈胸臆，以为作官拘束，不值得留恋，儒冠误身，功名亦难久恃，这一句是从杜甫《奉赠韦左丞丈》“儒冠多误身”句化出。他深感今是昨非，对自己曾跻身官场、虚掷时日表示后悔。词人开函对镜，已是白发种种，益见功名如过眼云烟，终为泡影。末句说显赫如班超，也只能长期身居西域，到了暮年才得还乡。作者通过此句来表现厌弃官场、激流勇退的情怀。
作者对于“功名浪语”“儒冠曾把身误”，有着切身的感受，并非一般的激愤之词。所以，是不能把这首词简单地归结为“有强烈的消极退隐思想”之列的。
此词一反传统词家所谓“词须宛转绵丽”的常规，慷慨磊落，直抒胸臆，辞气充沛，感情爽豁，词境开阔，颇富豁达清旷的情趣，与作者的恩师苏东坡在词风上一脉相承，并对辛弃疾的词作产生了重要影响。
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晁补之《
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摸鱼儿·东皋寓居》
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刘禹锡《
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竹枝词·山桃红花满上头》
晁补之简介
唐代·晁补之的简介
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晁补之（公元1053年—公元1110年），字无咎，号归来子，汉族，济州巨野（今属山东巨野县）人，北宋时期著名文学家。为“苏门四学士”（另有北宋诗人黄庭坚、秦观、张耒）之一。曾任吏部员外郎、礼部郎中。 工书画，能诗词，善属文。与张耒并称“晁张”。其散文语言凝练、流畅，风格近柳宗元。诗学陶渊明。其词格调豪爽，语言清秀晓畅，近苏轼。但其诗词流露出浓厚的消极归隐思想。著有《鸡肋集》、《晁氏琴趣外篇》等。
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宋代：
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袁燮
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何人题作一灵山，千古佳名不可刊。
欲识此声非浪得，试于高处一凭栏。
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贺新郎 中秋伏枕承蘧庵先生有月饼果物之惠病起赋谢
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清代：
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陈维崧
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今夜清辉漾。想月殿、菱花出匣，一轮初上。万户千门连碧海，处处钩帘倚幌。
只少我、一人凝望。多谢东邻遗粔籹，恰分明、掬取团圆样。
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赠张秉衡先生
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：
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曹明贤
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吾爱张夫子，蜚声翰墨场。诗篇多洒脱，器宇自轩昂。
去国头犹黑，归田鬓已苍。缔交相恨晚，步履过从忙。