饮马歌·边头春未到
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宋代]：曹勋
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此腔自虏传至边，饮牛马即横笛吹之，不鼓不拍，声甚凄断。闻兀术每遇对阵之际，吹此则鏖战无还期也。
边头春未到，雪满交河道。暮沙明残照，塞烽云间小。断鸿悲，陇月低，泪湿征衣悄。岁华老。
饮马歌·边头春未到译文及注释
译文
这支曲子原在金人统治区域流传，又随着金兵的南侵流传到宋朝边境，金人饮牛马时就横笛而吹，不需要鼓乐伴奏，也不用牙板节拍，乐声极其凄凉悲壮，金兵统帅兀术特别喜欢这首歌曲，每当两军对阵之时，一听吹奏此曲，就斗志昂扬，鏖战不休。
边塞的春天还未到，积雪覆盖着交河的大道。黄昏时，落日残照白茫茫的沙漠，边塞的烽火台高高耸入白云间，显得很小。失群的孤雁声声悲鸣，陇山上明月低悬，戍边将士思乡的泪水悄然沾湿了身上的军衣。不知不觉之间年华已老。
注释
饮马歌：词牌名。始见于曹勋词，产生于金国。《松隐乐府·序》记，金人放牧，饮牛马即横笛吹之，不鼓不拍，声甚凄断。单调，三十四字，八句六仄韵。
交河：古县名，治所在今新疆吐鲁番西北交河城故址。这里是泛指塞外。
塞烽：塞上烽火。
岁华：年华。
参考资料：
1、刘尊明，朱崇才．休闲宋词鉴赏辞典：商务印书馆，2015年07月：第149页
2、张高宽，王玉哲，王连生，孟繁森．宋词大辞典：辽宁人民出版社，1990年06月：第655页
3、喻朝刚，周航．中华文化的传世经典：大众文艺出版社，2009年04月：第763-764页
4、肖笃宋．唐宋词三百首 （少年版）：湖南少年儿童出版社，2006年05月：第226页
饮马歌·边头春未到创作背景
靖康末年（1127），作者随徽钦二帝北迁，行至燕山遁归，绍兴中又奉命使金，对北方的情况比较了解。这首词的曲子原在金占区流传，作者据以填词并题名为《饮马歌》，虽非自撰腔，但配以歌词则属首创。
参考资料：
1、喻朝刚 周航．分类新编两宋绝妙好词：吉林文史出版社，1992年02月：第192页
饮马歌·边头春未到鉴赏
让人真切感到其伤悲之深，亦可见战争并非广大胡人士卒的意愿。
“边头春未到，雪满交河道”，这是写边塞的气候。边关气候严寒，遍布积雪，气候恶劣。“暮沙明残照，塞烟云间小”，这是写边境傍晚之景。日暮时分，夕阳洒在沙漠上，黄沙发出一片亮光。远处烽火台上点着烽火，其烟尘升腾到云间变得越发细小，并逐渐模糊。这边塞之景雄奇而显孤独荒寂。“断鸿悲，陇月低，泪湿战袍悄。岁华老”，鸿雁和月亮是最引人相思。“断鸿悲，陇月低”，孤雁哀鸣，陇月低垂，渲染出一片凄清。后两句则直接抒情，词人因思念家乡而暗自垂泪，那泪水多得都浸湿了战袍。句末一个“悄”字耐人寻味，他只能悄悄落泪，因为他仍在戍边，不应哭泣，但他确实是年事已高，应告老还乡了。
这首词音韵和谐，富有节奏感，读来朗朗上口，易于传诵。
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冯延巳《
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周邦彦《
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少年游·并刀如水》
曹勋简介
唐代·曹勋的简介
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曹勋（1098—1174）字公显，一字世绩，号松隐，颍昌阳翟(今河南禹县)人。宣和五年(1123)，以荫补承信郎，特命赴进士廷试，赐甲科。靖康元年(1126)，与宋徽宗一起被金兵押解北上，受徽宗半臂绢书，自燕山逃归。建炎元年(1127)秋，至南京(今河南商丘)向宋高宗上御衣书，请求召募敢死之士，由海路北上营救徽宗。当权者不听，被黜。绍兴十一年(1141)，宋金和议成，充报谢副使出使金国，劝金人归还徽宗灵柩。十四年、二十九年又两次使金。孝宗朝拜太尉。著有《松隐文集》、《北狩见闻录》等。他的诗比较平庸，但有几首使金诗颇值得注意。
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