惜分飞·泪湿阑干花著露
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宋代]：毛滂
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泪湿阑干花著露。愁到眉峰碧聚。此恨平分取。更无言语。空相觑。
短雨残云无意绪。寂寞朝朝暮暮。今夜山深处。断魂分付。潮回去。
惜分飞·泪湿阑干花著露译文及注释
译文
你脸上泪水纵横，像一枝鲜花沾带着露珠，忧愁在你眉间紧紧缠结，又像是碧山重叠攒聚。这别恨不仅属于你，我们两人平均分取。你我久久地、久久地互相凝望。再说不出一句话语。
雨收云散，一切欢乐都成为过去，令人无情无绪。从此朝朝暮暮，我将空守孤寂。今夜，当我投宿在荒山野店，我深情的灵魂会跟随潮汐回到你那里。
注释
惜分飞：词牌名，又名《惜芳菲》、《惜双双》等。毛滂创调，词咏唱别情。全词共50字，双调，上、下阙各四句，句句用仄韵。
富阳：宋代县名，治所在今浙江省富阳县。琼芳：当时杭州供奉官府的一名歌妓。作者任杭州法曹参军时，和她很要好。
阑（lán）干：眼泪纵横的样子。
眉峰碧聚：古人以青黛画眉，双眉紧锁，犹如碧聚。
取：助词，即“着”。
觑（qù）：细看。
断雨残云：雨消云散。喻失去男女欢情。
山深处：指富阳僧舍所在地。
断魂：指极度的哀思。分付：付予、付给。潮：指钱塘江潮。
参考资料：
1、李炳勋 ．宋词三百首 ：中州古籍出版社 ，2001 ：127-128 ．
2、蔡义江 ．宋词三百首全解 ：上海复旦大学出版社 ，2007 ：106 ．
3、沙灵娜 ．宋词三百首全译 ：贵州人民出版社 ，1990 ：198-199 ．
惜分飞·泪湿阑干花著露创作背景
据《西湖游览志》载：元祐中，苏轼知守钱塘时，毛滂为法曹椽，与歌妓琼芳相爱。三年秩满辞官，于富阳途中的僧舍作《惜分飞》词，赠琼芳。
参考资料：
1、蔡义江 ．宋词三百首全解 ：上海复旦大学出版社 ，2007 ：106 ．
2、唐圭璋 等 ．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（唐五代北宋卷） ：上海辞书出版社 ，1988 ：1072-1074 ．
惜分飞·泪湿阑干花著露鉴赏
这首词是毛滂青春恋情的真实记录。情人决别，后会无期，送别一程接一程，从杭州直送到百里之遥的富阳。然而这黯然销魂的别离还足不可避免地到来了。令作者心碎的帷幕就从此拉开：“汨湿阑干花著露，愁到眉峰碧聚。”挂满泪珠的脸颊犹如带露的花朵，颦蹙的黛眉像远山一抹。一幅娇怜痛惜的模样，经过妙笔的摹写，就这样呈现出来了。它同周围的景色化成一片，构成一种凄丽哀惋的色调。白居易的“梨花—枝春带雨”（《长恨歌》），张泌的“黛眉愁聚春碧”（《思越人》），为此二句所本。然却用得脱化无痕，形神兼胜，真是色绘高手。这两句塑造了一位含愁带泪的佳人形象。隋唐国力强盛，崇尚雍容富态、健康自然的女性美。宋朝国力渐衰，在审美观念上也一反唐代的标隹，以文弱清秀为美，多愁多病的弱女子形象占据了文学作品的主导位置。到明清时期，“愁病美人”仍然很受欢迎，《红楼梦》中的林黛玉就是代表。
“此恨”句，说明离愁对于双方是同样的沉重，要知道两人的地位是不同的。一个是宦游四海的贵胄公子，一个则是沦落风尘的烟花女郎。但是地位的悬殊并没有阻止他们倾心相爱。他们热恋着，共同承受着离恨的折磨。当然，他们也知道这种恋情是难以维持的。今番解手，就要相见无期了。所以这次分离，多半成了长别。“更无言语空相觑”一句，纯乎写情，有直指奔心的力量。语已尽，泪已枯，无声的饮泣往往比呼天抢地的号啕更加沉痛，“空相觑”三字反映出一种木然相对的绝望的悲哀。浯朴而情挚，传神之极笔也。
下片“断雨”二句，写景色之荒残；零零落落的雨点，澌灭着的残云，与离人的心境正相印合。这是一层意思。另外，还有一层双关之意。宋玉《高唐赋》有“旦为朝云，暮为行雨，朝朝暮暮，阳台之下”之语，即后人所谓神女生涯也。毛滂兼取此意来形容他与琼芳的恋情。而这种残云断雨的凄凉景象，也正象征着这段露水姻缘已经行将结束了。从此以后，只剩下岑寂的相思来折磨着这一对再见无期的离人了。结拍两句，设想别后的思念，付断魂于潮水。情景交融，绵绵无尽，可说是极悱恻缠绵之能事了。
总的来说，上片写两人依依惜别的深情，作者用画龙点晴之笔，特写泪眼愁眉，营造出一种凄丽哀婉的氛围。接着以“平分取”、“无言”、“空相觑’’写离愁的难言，从外表的神态写到内在的心态，简中有繁。下片写词人深山羁旅的凄苦与思念。先写别后的惆帐，再设想别后的心愿，愿付断魂于潮水，由此再现二人的情义缠绵。
从艺术风格来讲，这首词与一般镂刻藻绘的别情之作不同，它是以浅近之语传铱至之情而独擅胜场的。愁眉泪颊，断雨残云，本是寻常物态，可是一经作者感情之酝酿融注，便含情吐媚，摇荡人心。
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石孝友《
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卜算子·见也如何暮》
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周紫芝《
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鹧鸪天·一点残红欲尽时》
毛滂简介
唐代·毛滂的简介
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毛滂，字泽民，衢州江山人，约生于嘉佑六年（1061），卒于宣和末年。有《东堂集》十卷和《东堂词》一卷传世。
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张华
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秦人不窥兵。赵胜南诅楚。乃与毛遂行。黄歇北适秦。
太子还入荆。美哉游侠士。何以尚四卿。我则异于是。