江城子·西城杨柳弄春柔
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宋代]：秦观
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西城杨柳弄春柔，动离忧，泪难收。犹记多情、曾为系归舟。碧野朱桥当日事，人不见，水空流。
江城子·西城杨柳弄春柔译文及注释
译文
西城的杨柳逗留着春天的柔情，使我想起离别时的忧伤，眼泪很难收回。还记得当年你为我拴着归来的小舟。绿色的原野，红色的桥，是我们当时离别的情形。而如今你不在，只有水孤独地流着。
美好的青春不为少年时停留，离别的苦恨，何时才到头？飘飞的柳絮，落花满地的时候我登上楼台。即使江水都化作泪水，也流不尽，依然有愁苦在心头。
注释
江城子：词牌名，又名“江神子”“村意远”。唐词单调，始见《花间集》韦庄词。宋人改为双调，七十字，上下片都是七句五平韵。
弄春：谓在春日弄姿。明徐渭《赋得万绿枝头红一点》诗：“名园树树老啼莺，叶底孤花巧弄春。”
离忧：离别的忧思；离人的忧伤。唐杜甫《长沙送李十一》诗：“李杜齐名真忝窃，朔云寒菊倍离忧。”
多情：指钟情的人。宋张先《南乡子·京口》词：“春水一篙残照阔，遥遥，有个多情立画桥。”
归舟：返航的船。南朝宋谢灵运《酬从弟惠连》诗：“梦寐伫归舟，释我吝与劳。”
韶华：美好的时光。常指春光。唐戴叔伦《暮春感怀》诗：“东皇去后韶华尽，老圃寒香别有秋。”
飞絮：飘飞的柳絮。北周庾信《杨柳歌》：“独忆飞絮鹅毛下，非复青丝马尾垂。”
春江：春天的江。唐张若虚《春江花月夜》诗：“滟滟随波千万里，何处春江无月明。”
参考资料：
1、陆林 编注．白话解说——宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992：92-93
江城子·西城杨柳弄春柔创作背景
此词抒写别恨，为怀人伤别之作，据词意可知作于某年的一个暮春，当为秦观前期的作品，具体作年难以考证。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（唐·五代·北宋卷）．上海：上海辞书出版社，1988：835-836
2、陆林 编注．白话解说——宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992：92-93
江城子·西城杨柳弄春柔鉴赏
韶华不为少年留，恨悠悠，几时休？飞絮落花时候、一登楼。
首句“西城杨柳弄春柔”貌似纯写景，实则有深意。因为这柳色，通常能使人联想到青春及青春易逝，又可以使人感春伤别。“弄春柔”的“柔”字，便有百种柔情，“弄”字则有故作撩拨之意。赋予无情景物以有情，寓拟人之法于无意中。“杨柳弄春柔”的结果，便是惹得人“动离忧，泪难收”。以下写因柳而有所感忆：“犹记多情曾为系归舟。碧野朱桥当日事，人不见，水空流。”这里暗示，这杨柳不是任何别的地方的杨柳，而是靠近水驿的长亭之柳，所以当年曾系归舟，曾有离别情事这地方发生。那时候，一对有情人，就踏过红色的板桥，眺望春草萋萋的原野，这儿话别。一切都记忆犹新，可是眼前呢，风景不殊，人儿已天各一方了。“水空流”三字表达的惆怅是深长的。
过片“韶华不为少年留”是因为少年既是风华正茂，又特别善感的缘故，所谓说“恨悠悠，几时休？”两句无形中又与前文的“泪难收”、“水空留”唱和了一次。“飞絮落花时节一登楼”说不登则已，“一登”就这杨花似雪的暮春时候，真正是“便做春江都是泪，流不尽，许多愁。”这是一个极其巧妙的比喻，它妙就妙一下子将从篇首开始逐渐写出的泪流、水流、恨流挽合做一江春水，滔滔不尽地向东奔去，使人沉浸感情的洪流中。这比喻不是突如其来的，而是逐渐汇合，水到渠成的。
此词写柳，妙“弄春柔”一语，笔意入微，妥贴自然，把拟人手法于无意中出之，化无情之柳为多情之物；此词写愁，妙引而不发，语气微婉，最后由景触发一个巧妙的比喻：清泪、流水和离恨融汇成一股情感流，言尽而情不尽。
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兰陵王·柳》
秦观简介
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秦观（1049-1100）字太虚，又字少游，别号邗沟居士，世称淮海先生。汉族，北宋高邮（今江苏）人，官至太学博士，国史馆编修。秦观一 生坎坷，所写诗词，高古沉重，寄托身世，感人至深。秦观生前行踪所至之处，多有遗迹。如浙江杭州的秦少游祠，丽水的秦少游塑像、淮海先生祠、莺花亭；青田的秦学士祠；湖南郴州三绝碑；广西横县的海棠亭、醉乡亭、淮海堂、淮海书院等。秦观墓在无锡惠山之北粲山上，墓碑上书“秦龙图墓”几个大字。有秦家村、秦家大院以及省级文物保护单位古文游台。
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人烟通绝岭，草树豁高原。莫问桃花水，前溪亦武源。
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元夕灯词 其七
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弘历
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九华双炬照长楼，楼上仙人来往游。今岁看灯有新使，孜孜益凛固金瓯。