渔歌子·西塞山前白鹭飞
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唐代]：张志和
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渔歌子·西塞山前白鹭飞创作背景
唐代宗大历七年（772）九月，颜真卿任湖州刺史，次年到任。张志和驾舟往谒，时值暮春，桃花水涨，鳜鱼水美，他们即兴唱和，张志和首唱，作词五首，这首词是其中之一。这首词于宪宗时一度散失，长庆三年（823），李德裕访得之，著录于其《玄真子渔歌记》文中，始流传至今。
参考资料：
1、彭玉平．唐宋名家词导读新编：中山大学出版社，2006年：42-43页
渔歌子·西塞山前白鹭飞鉴赏
张志和的词保存下来的只有《渔歌子》（原题叫《渔父》）五首，这是其中的第一首。西塞山在今浙江省吴兴县境内的西苕溪上，从前叫道士矶，是一座突出在河边的大石岩。西苕溪北通太湖，南邻莫干山，风景很优美。张志和这首词描绘春汛期的景物，反映了太湖流域水乡的可爱。
白鹭就是平常人们叫做鹭鸶的那种水鸟。远远望去，它的外形有点象白鹤，腿和脖子特别长，便于在水中寻找食物。“西塞山前白鹭飞”，它们在西塞山前，展翅飞翔，使这个鱼米之乡更显得生趣洋溢了。“桃花流水”就是桃花水。南方每年二三月间，桃花盛开，天气暖和，雨水比冬天多，下几场春雨，河水就会上涨，于是逆水而上的鱼群便多起来了。作者没有简单地说春汛到来，而是用“桃花流水鳜鱼肥”来描写，这就更能勾起读者的想象，使人们似乎看见了两岸盛开的、红艳艳的桃花；河水陡涨时，江南特有的鳜鱼不时跃出水面，多肥大呀。“鳜鱼”是一种味道特别鲜美的淡水鱼，嘴大鳞细，颜色呈黄褐色。春汛来了，渔夫当然不会闲着，他们也忙碌开了。“青箬笠，绿蓑衣，斜风细雨不须归”写的都是他们。“箬笠”就是用竹丝和青色箬竹叶编成的斗笠。“蓑衣”是用植物的茎叶或皮制成的雨衣。如果以龙须草（蓑草）为原料，它就是绿色的。“归”，回家。“不须归”，是说也不须回家了。作者在词里虽然只是概括地叙述了渔夫捕鱼的生活，但是，读者通过自己的想象，完全可以体会到词的言外之意。从渔翁头戴箬笠，身披蓑衣，在斜风细雨里欣赏春天水面的景物，读者便可以体会到渔夫在捕鱼时的愉快心情。
作者是一位山水画家，据说他曾将《渔歌子》画成图画。确实，这首词是富于画意的。苍岩，白鹭，鲜艳的桃林，清澈的流水，黄褐色的鳜鱼，青色的斗笠，绿色的蓑衣，色彩多么鲜明，构思也很巧妙，意境优美，使人读作品时，仿佛是在看一幅出色的水乡春汛图。
此词在秀丽的水乡风光和理想化的渔人生活中，寄托了作者爱自由、爱自然的情怀。词中更吸引读者的不是一蓑风雨，从容自适的渔父，而是江乡二月桃花汛期间春江水涨、烟雨迷蒙的图景。雨中青山，江上渔舟，天空白鹭，两岸红桃，色泽鲜明但又显得柔和，气氛宁静但又充满活力。而这既体现了作者的艺术匠心，也反映了他高远、冲澹、悠然脱俗的意趣。此词吟成后，不仅一时唱和者甚众，而且还流播海外，为东邻日本的汉诗作者开启了填词门径，嵯峨天皇的《渔歌子》五首及其臣僚的奉和之作七首，即以此词为蓝本改制而成。
苏子瞻极爱此词，患声不可歌，乃稍损益，寄《浣溪纱》曰：“西塞山前白鹭飞，散花洲外片帆微。桃花流水鳜鱼肥。自蔽一身青箬笠，相随到处绿蓑衣。斜风细雨不须归。”黄鲁直闻而继作。江湖间谓山连亘入水为矶，太平州有矶曰新妇，池州有浦曰女儿。鲁直好奇，偶以名对而未有所付。适作此词，乃云：“新妇矶头眉黛愁，女儿浦口眼波秋。惊鱼错认月沉钩。青箬笠前无限事，绿蓑衣底一时休。斜风细雨转船头。”子瞻闻而戏曰：“才出新妇矶，便入女儿浦，志和得无一浪子渔父耶!”人皆传以为笑。前辈风流略尽，念之慨然。小楼谷隐，要不可无方外之士时相周旋。余非鲁公，固不能致志和，然亦安得一似之者而与游也。（叶梦得《岩下放言》）
山谷（黄庭坚）晚年亦悔前作之未工，因表弟李如篪言《渔父词》，以《鹧鸪天》歌之甚协律，恨语少声多耳。因以宪宗遗像求玄真子文章，及玄真之兄松龄劝归之意，足前后数句云：“西塞山前白鹭飞，桃花流水鳜鱼肥。朝廷尚觅玄真子，何处如今更有诗？青箬笠，绿蓑衣，斜风细雨不须归。人间欲避风波险，一日风波十二时。”东坡笑曰：鲁直乃欲平地起风波也。（摘自《白香词谱笺》）
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白居易《
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忆江南·江南好》
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秦观《
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行香子·树绕村庄》
张志和简介
唐代·张志和的简介
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张志和（730年(庚午年)～810年？），字子同，初名龟龄，汉族，婺州（今浙江金华）人，自号“烟波钓徒”，又号“玄真子”。唐代著名道士、词人和诗人。十六岁参加科举，以明经擢第，授左金吾卫录事参军，唐肃宗赐名为“志和”。因事获罪贬南浦尉，不久赦还。自此看破红尘，浪迹江湖，隐居祁门赤山镇。其兄张鹤龄担心他遁世不归，在越州（今绍兴市）城东筑茅屋让他居住。史载唐肃宗曾赐他奴婢各一人，张志和让他们结婚，取名渔童和樵青。著有《玄真子》集。
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舟楫碍泛流，波澜溷澄碧。是应例除莠，询得一良策。
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岳州临江驿见亡友凌溪子题壁怆然兴怀倚韵追悼 其二
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明代：
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顾璘
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鹦鹉才高失帝庭，人间穷达转冥冥。久将尘土抛金紫，自慱声华付汗青。
避地盟寒空卜筑，招魂歌就或来听。笛声莫怆山阳舍，琴操期闻中散灵。