眼儿媚·愁云淡淡雨潇潇
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宋代]：石孝友
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愁云淡淡雨潇潇。暮暮复朝朝。别来应是，眉峰翠减，腕玉香销。
小轩独坐相思处，情绪好无聊。一丛萱草，数竿修竹，数叶芭蕉。
眼儿媚·愁云淡淡雨潇潇鉴赏
起两句十二个字，连用四叠字：云淡淡，知是疏云；雨潇潇，应是小雨，如李清照《蝶恋花》词：“潇潇微雨闻孤馆”，而非“风雨潇潇”（《诗·郑风·风雨》的“暴疾”（朱熹《诗集传》）的急风骤雨。淡云无语，细雨有声，这淅淅沥沥的声音，暮暮朝朝一直传入人的耳畔，怎能不使人生愁，故开篇的一个字即云“愁”。叠字的连用，又加强了烘托气氛，渲染环境，状物抒情的作用，“别来应是”，语气十分肯定。由于是知己，心心相印，我既为你生愁，你对我必然如此。“眉峰”，源于“（卓）文君姣好，眉色如望远山”（《西京杂记》）。后言女子眉之美好。康伯可《满庭芳》“梳妆懒，脂轻粉薄，约略淡眉峰。”又，眉峰犹眉山。韩偓《生查子》词：“绣被拥娇寒，眉山正愁绝”。“翠减”，是因为古代女子用黛画眉，黛色青黑。欧阳修《踏莎行》：“蓦然旧事心上来，无言敛皱眉山翠”。“腕玉”即玉腕的倒置。秦观《满庭芳》：“玉腕不胜金斗”。三四两句总写人的无心打扮，懒于梳理。古云：“女为悦己者容”。《诗·卫风·伯兮》：“自伯之东，首如飞蓬。岂无膏沐？谁适为容！”《西厢记》里的崔莺莺说得最明白：“有甚么心情将花儿、靥儿打扮的娇娇滴滴的媚。”这是男方设想对方“别来应是”如此，由于“心已驰神到彼”，故“诗从对面来”。柳永的“想佳人妆楼颙望，误几回天际识归舟”（《八声甘州》）便是。
下片专从自己方面来叙相思。轩“小”而“独”，即使欲排遣愁也不可能，卧不安席，食不甘味，直逼出一句“情绪好无聊”。这句浅白直率，却是一句大老实话。同是周邦彦的“最苦梦魂，今宵不到伊行”；“天便教人，霎时厮见何妨”（《风流子》）；“拚今生，对花对酒为伊泪落”（《解连环》）；这些写刻骨相思的率直语言，张炎认为“一为情所役，则失其雅正之者”，“所谓成浇风也”（《词源·杂论》）。况周颐持截然相反的态度，他说：“此等语愈朴愈厚，愈厚愈雅，至真之情，由性灵肺腑中流出，不妨说尽而愈无尽”（《蕙风词话》卷二）。后说为是。对“情绪好无聊”亦应作如是观，因为它表现了“至真之情”，虽“说尽而愈无尽”。结三句用笔潇洒，语淡味浓。萱草别名很多，通常又称鹿葱、忘忧、宜男、川草花、金针花等等。嵇康写进他的《养生论》：“合欢蠲愤，萱草忘忧，愚智所共知也。”《诗经》叫它谖草。《卫风·伯兮》：“焉得谖草？言树之背。”《传》：“谖草令人忘忧。”李时珍在《本草纲目》除重复上面的话，并引李九华《延寿考》云：“嫩苗为蔬，食之动风，令人昏然如醉，因名忘忧。”然唐宋诗人孟郊、梅尧臣等对“忘忧”都提过质疑。“一丛萱草”的本意是说：相思情切，即得萱草，也不能忘忧，暗含有刘敞（原父）诗意：“种萱不种兰，自谓可忘忧；绿叶何萋萋，春愁更茫茫”。“儿竿修竹”，取意杜甫《佳人》诗：“天寒翠袖薄，日暮倚修竹。”诗中的“佳人”有高节的情操，故与“多节本怀端直性，露青犹有岁寒心”（刘禹锡《酬元九侍御赠壁州鞭长句》）的竹并列。这句赞对方的品德。最后以缠绵不尽的相思作结：“数叶芭蕉。”芭蕉在诗词中一向是愁的象征。唐人张说《戏草树》诗：“戏问芭蕉叶，何愁心不开。”李商隐《代赠二首》其一：“芭蕉不展丁香结，同向春风各自愁。”李煜《长相思》词：“帘外芭蕉三两窠，夜长人奈何。”萱草，修竹，芭蕉，或许“小轩独坐”目之所见，但均有蕴意。三句皆缀以数目字，联系开头的四叠字，尤觉意韵悠远，辞情并茂。顾景芳谓小令应“风情神韵正自悠长，作者须有一唱三叹之致。淡而艳，浅而深，近而远，方是胜场”（田同之《西圃词说》）。求之于此词，信然。
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蔡伸《
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长相思·村姑儿》
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汪元量《
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传言玉女·钱塘元夕》
石孝友简介
唐代·石孝友的简介
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石孝友，南宋词人，字次仲，江西南昌人。生卒年不详。宋孝宗乾道二年（1166）进士。填词常用俚俗之语，状写男女情爱。仕途不顺，不羡富贵，隐居于丘壑之间。 石孝友著有《金谷遗音》，《直斋书录解题》著录一卷，明《唐宋名贤百家词》本作《金谷词》，不分卷。有明汲古阁《宋六十名家词》本、《四部备要》排印本。《全宋词》据毛□校汲古阁本收录。
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