菩萨蛮·商妇怨
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宋代]：江开
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春时江上帘纤雨。张帆打鼓开船去。秋晚恰归来。看看船又开。
嫁郎如未嫁。长是凄凉夜。情少利心多。郎如年少何。
菩萨蛮·商妇怨译文及注释
译文
春天的江上飘着细雨，扬帆击鼓船离去。深秋月夜恰好归来，匆匆停靠船又开走了。
嫁了丈夫好像没有嫁，长守凄凉的夜晚。利欲熏心情意薄，青春易逝皆蹉跎。
注释
菩萨蛮：词牌名，又名《子夜歌》《重叠金》《花溪碧》，双调四十四字，用韵两句一换，凡四易韵，平仄递转。
商妇：商人的妻子。
廉纤：细微。
看看：转眼之间。
利心：追逐金钱利益之心。
郎如年少何：郎该怎样对那青春年少的女子呢？
菩萨蛮·商妇怨创作背景
江开在一次外出办事的时候，住在一条船上。当他在岸上散步，欣赏江上夜景的时候，偶然听到有女人唏嘘的声音。江开便问她为何独自在此伤心。少妇便诉说原委。江开听后甚是同情，回来后便写了这首词。
参考资料：
1、程艳杰 靳艳萍编著．宋词三百首 精读·故事 （下册）：吉林人民出版社，2004年02月第1版：第927页
菩萨蛮·商妇怨鉴赏
商妇问题，是利欲与人情之间矛盾冲突的一个尖锐的问题。诗词作者人人都很重感情，同时又都鄙薄利欲，因而在他们笔下就有许多描写这类题材的作品。最有代表性的，是李益的《江南曲》：“嫁得瞿塘贾，朝朝误妾期。早知潮有信，嫁与弄潮儿。”诗中用“嫁与弄潮儿”的痴想表达商妇的痛苦，感情至为深切。江开此词虽不及李诗的含蓄隽永，但由于篇幅较长，因而对感情的剖析却更加细致。
章法安排上，这首词前半片偏重叙事，后半片偏重抒情，层次井然，条理清晰。上半片叙述商人的丽次外出：“春时江上廉纤雨，张帆打鼓开船去。”“秋晚恰归来，看看船又开。”中间虽有“秋晚恰归来”一句，但说“恰归来”，说“船又开”，可见其间的间隔是极短暂的。因此，上半片其实就是“朝朝误妾期”的具体描述。
下半片抒情，吐露的是商妇情绪的三个方面：“嫁郎如未嫁，长是凄凉夜”倾诉守空房的孤独；“情少利心多”指责商人情薄；“郎如年少何”慨叹青春虚度。不过，读这首词，我们不仅要看到它条理极清楚，还应当看到它照应极严密。比如，上半片说“春时”出去，“秋晚”归来，那么一年中的大部分时间商妇是独守空房的，何况眼下“看看船又开”，这一出去，不知何时才能回来。这些描写，实际上就是“嫁郎如未嫁，长是凄凉夜”的最具体、最生动的反映。上半片中关于春去秋归的叙述，实际上是商人全年行踪的概括，而结尾处“郎如年少何”所抒发的青春难久的感叹，就正是一年年韶华虚度的必然结果。《七颂堂词绎》说：“古人多于过变乃言情，然其意已全于上段。若另作头绪，不成章矣。”这首《菩萨蛮》上、下两片分工明确，但下片之情全本上片，上片之事又处处含情。其布局之精巧，可谓如出天工。
这首词的用字也很有表现力，如：首句写别离的时令气候：“春时江上廉纤雨”，春天是人们最动感情的时候，适于此时离别，已经倍觉伤神；不料又遇上“廉纤雨”，淅淅沥沥，自然更添凄凉。第三句用“秋晚”二字渲染衰飒的环境气氛，同时又正好成为主人公内心世界的写照。另外，这一句说“秋晚恰归来”，下一句接写“看看船又开”，“恰”字同“又”字的配合，对主题的表达也极有力量。再说，“看看”二字传达女主人公在商人又将离去时的心理，使读者看到她前番离情未酬，此番分手在即时怯别的情绪，也极富形象性和表现力。又如，上半片连用两次“开船”，构成商人不断离去的气氛，下半片中“嫁郎如未嫁”、“情少利心多”两句各自形成对比，在揭不人物内心世界方面，也都起到了十分重要的作用。
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向子諲《
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阮郎归·绍兴乙卯大雪行鄱阳道中》
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赵汝茪《
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江开简介
唐代·江开的简介
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江开（jiāng kāi），生卒年不详，字开之，号月湖，安徽省庐江县人。道光十五年（1835）举人，官陕西咸阳知县，诗、书、画皆精。主要代表作：《菩萨蛮·商妇怨》
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