浣溪沙·闺情
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宋代]:李清照
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绣面芙蓉一笑开,斜飞宝鸭衬香腮。眼波才动被人猜。
一面风情深有韵,半笺娇恨寄幽怀。月移花影约重来。
浣溪沙·闺情译文及注释
译文
一个面容姣好的少女,她的笑容像荷花盛开,斜坠的云鬓,双手衬着雪白的香腮。她的眼波灵活可动就像能说话一样。
一脸的温情饱含着深韵,笔下的纸笺写了一半上面全是寄托自己娇嗔和思念的话语。月上阑干,花的影子不断移动,正是情人约会重聚的好时光。
注释
①《浣溪沙》:词牌名。本为唐玄宗时教坊曲名,后用为词牌,亦作《浣溪纱》。分平仄两体,字数以四十二字居多,还有四十四字和四十六字两种。全词分两片,上片三句全用韵,下片末二句用韵。曲调轻松明快,是宋词中使用频率较高的词牌名。
②绣面:形容面容姣美。芙蓉:荷花,此处指面容好看像荷花盛开了。
③飞:《历代诗余》作“偎”。宝鸭:鸭形发式,或指钗头形状为鸭形的宝钗。香腮:唐代温庭筠有“鬓云欲度香腮雪。”
④一面:整个脸上。风情:男女爱慕之情。韵:味道。
⑤笺:纸,指信笺、诗笺。半笺娇恨:半纸怨艾之辞。
⑥月移花影:唐代元稹《莺莺传》:“待月西厢下,迎风户半开。拂墙花影动,疑是玉人来。”
参考资料:
1、夏承焘.宋词鉴赏辞典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,2013.
2、杨合林.李清照集[M].湖南:岳麓书社出版社,1999.
浣溪沙·闺情创作背景
李清照的词作大概可分为两个时期——前期及后期,即北宋之末与南宋之初两阶段。前者以闲情逸趣,儿女情长为主。后者则表现出怀家思国,愁绪难解的情怀。作者早期生活优裕,作品语言活泼自然,格调欢快俊。
浣溪沙·闺情鉴赏
此词当是易安早期作品。写一位风韵秀的女子与心上人幽会,又写信相约其再会的情景。人物的肖像描写采用比拟、衬托、侧面描写的方法。语言活泼自然,格调欢快俊。
李清照的词作大概可分为两个时期——前期和后期,即北宋之末与南宋之初两个阶段。前者以闺怨相思为主,后者则多表现出消极绝望的情绪来。但这首词与这两种风格都显然不同,应该属于词人最早一批描写纯真爱情的词作。当时的词人尚处在少女年纪,对美好的爱情充满向往,落到笔端,也丰富地体现了女性细腻的心思。
起笔便带出了不同寻常的女性之美。“绣面芙蓉”与下面的“斜飞宝鸭”对举,应也指装饰物。当时的妇女多有向脸上贴绣画的习惯,其内容以花鸟为多,此处即是说面上绘有芙蓉。芙蓉一笑而开,变静为动,看似颇为无理,实则更显有情。本来芙蓉帖饰是静止的,但因为少女一笑,红颜晕开,落到人眼里仿佛连芙蓉花也迎风而绽,倍添精神。这种打破因果界限、蓄意悖理的手法,在王唯诗里最有体现,如“坐看青苔色,欲上人衣来”(《书事》)、“山路元无雨,空翠湿人衣”(《山中》)等。发展到李清照手里,添上一层女性的柔美,就更多了一种似真实幻、难以言说的美妙意境。再则,“秀面”“芙蓉”“笑”“开”两两相对,又暗含比喻意味,借芙蓉之开极有力地衬托出了少女之笑。此外“开”之一字,既指芙蓉花开,少女颜开,又可暗指少女的情窦初开,为全词统帅。
“斜飞宝鸭衬香腮”,承接上句,继续写少女的美貌。她又贴花饰,又戴宝鸭,正是一个着意打扮的初恋少女。“眼波才动被人猜。”少女巧笑倩兮,美目盼兮,在想什么呢?显然是心上人。她偷偷喜欢上了一个人,可能有时想起,越想越高兴,表情不对,被人注意到了。于是她心里打起鼓来:“不会被别人发现了吧?他会怎么想?天啦,多羞人呀!”这种手法也见于唐诗,皇甫松《采莲子》中就有“遥被人知半日羞”。其实,别人也许并没有注意到她的异常,更不可能知道她心中所想,不过在她看来,这却很可能,特别是很难为情,这种狐疑更给少女添了一分天真羞怯,也更显生动。
“一面风情深有韵,半笺娇恨寄幽怀”把上下两阙的因果衔接和少女此时的心理展示了出来。前半句自然是承接上文,其中“一面”二字虽作定语,但关联词的意味还保留着,给人以一种“虽然一面……,但是半笺……”的感觉,这不得不说又是女性思维之巧。后半句什么意思呢?笺即是书信,显然是久不见面,才以书信传达爱意,娇恨自然也就是青春少女的一种小情愫,小埋怨(大家懂得……)。连起来是说,虽然我这么喜欢你,但你总也不来看我,只好以书寄怀。信上写的是什么呢?“月移花影约重来”。明月上移,花影摇动,到那时我们来幽会吧!花前月下,正是少男少女相会的宝地,女主人公此语表现了其对未来的期待。
综合全词来看,词人出色地发挥了女性思维的长处,在氛围、比拟、画面以及细节的捕捉上,都表现出了出色的艺术天分。词中的女主人公,由于身处青春爱情之中,情绪难免波动,其性格也颇富变化。她倩然一笑,美丽活泼;眼波流转,细腻羞涩;凝视花月,苦苦思恋;写信抒怀,大胆追求。这些看似矛盾,实则反映了青春少女芳心初动时复杂的心理。在封建家长制婚姻的背景下,女主人公的追求是大胆的,也是美好的。这正寄寓了词人对美好爱情的向往与追求。
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李清照简介
唐代·李清照的简介
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李清照(1084年3月13日~1155年5月12日)号易安居士,汉族,山东省济南章丘人。宋代(南北宋之交)女词人,婉约词派代表,有“千古第一才女”之称。所作词,前期多写其悠闲生活,后期多悲叹身世,情调感伤。形式上善用白描手法,自辟途径,语言清丽。论词强调协律,崇尚典雅,提出词“别是一家”之说,反对以作诗文之法作词。能诗,留存不多,部分篇章感时咏史,情辞慷慨,与其词风不同。有《易安居士文集》《易安词》,已散佚。后人有《漱玉词》辑本。今有《李清照集校注》。
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阶砌叶初上,云山路转赊。扫门残影乱,千里望贫家。
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寓淮北行府呈公相
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明代:
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唐之淳
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府第雄深出圣裁,濠城北面接鱼台。恩波正比淮流远,瑞霭多从禁国来。
周室藩邦基百世,汉家戚里近三台。金鱼玉带亲调膳,日对南山举寿杯。