减字木兰花·淮山隐隐
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宋代]：淮上女
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淮山隐隐，千里云峰千里恨。淮水悠悠，万顷烟波万顷愁。
山长水远，遮断行人东望眼。恨旧愁新，有泪无言对晚春。
减字木兰花·淮山隐隐译文及注释
译文
远望淮山高耸入云，连绵不绝，这千里的山峦承载着我千里的悲恨。淮水浩渺悠悠，万里波涛寄托了我万里的愁思。
山长水远，挡住了行人眺望的眼。痛恨过去的战争，也忧愁未来的日子。面对着晚春，流着泪水，不知该说些什么。
注释
淮山：指淮河两岸所见山峰。隐隐：不明显，不清晰。
淮水：指淮河，源出河南桐柏山，东流经安徽，入江苏洪泽湖。悠悠：遥远。
烟波：雾气迷蒙的水坡
东望：词人被掳北上，所以向东眺望故乡。
恨旧愁新：即旧恨新愁，指对金人统治者的恨，对自己艰难处境的愁。
减字木兰花·淮山隐隐创作背景
作者淮上女，金兴定末（1222左右）金人南侵，被掠北去，题此词于旅舍壁。
参考资料：
1、刘敬圻，诸葛忆兵著．宋代女词人词传 李清照、朱淑真等：吉林人民出版社，1999：第260页
减字木兰花·淮山隐隐鉴赏
词的上阙，写她被掳北去，不得不离别故乡山河时的沉痛心情。上阕四句，一山一水，两两相对，可以说是一副十分工整的对联，在词作中，它又是不很常见的隔句对。“云峰”、“烟波”，既写山高水阔，又写出春天雨多云多的景象，再加上作者心伤情苦，泪眼朦胧，因此山河呈现出一片迷茫的景象。“云峰”前冠以“千里”，“烟波”前冠以“万顷”，写出了祖国的河山壮丽，暗示作者对它的深情。但此时却满目疮痍，河山破碎，大批人民被掳北去，不能安居故土，这万千愁恨怎能不一齐迸发！“千里恨”、“万顷愁”极好地表现了作者的深仇大恨。同时，她移情于物，移情于淮河山水，使山河也充满了愁恨，因为它们是这场患难的最好见证。千里，从纵的角度形容愁恨；万顷，从横的方面予以夸张，这样的表现手法就将愁绪这种无形的情感有形化了。具体化了，它与以往的某些表现手法有所差异：李煜《虞美人》：“问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。”欧阳修《踏莎行》：“离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水。”胡楚《寄人》：“若将此恨同芳草，犹恐青青有尽时。”他们着重表现的是愁恨之无穷。应该说这些写愁之作都各自有其艺术的独创性。但这个淮上良家女的这两句词却在读者心理上造成一种泰山压顶、窒息心胸之感。
词的下阕写她被驱赶向西，而她的心却一直向东。“山长水远，遮断行人东望眼。”两句既是对上片的总结，又是作者眷恋山河的进一步具体描写她离开家乡越来越远，眷恋的感情也越来越重。她一步一回头地看着自己的家乡，直至山水完全遮断了她的视线。天涯沦落，何时能回到故乡的怀抱？这一切使她感到茫然。这一去，也许是永无归日了，只能此刻回首东望，直至“遮断”为止。“东望眼”三字，真实地写出了被掳者逼迫而不得已，朝西北方向行进而不断回望故乡的情景，极形象地表现了她不忍离去的痛苦。面对着这一切，“恨旧愁新，有泪无言对晚春。”这恨，是指对金人南犯之恨，对南宋统治者屈辱求和、无耻南逃之恨；这愁，是为乡土遭受蹂躏而愁，为被掳后的屈辱生活和颠沛流离而愁。旧恨加新愁，让一个弱女子如何经受得了！“恨旧愁新”四字，一般用作“新愁旧恨”，语意显得平淡。而将“恨”、“愁”二字前置，不但使句尾协韵，加强了音韵美，且构成了两个节奏紧促、意思完整的短句，使人感到语新气逼。末句刻画了一个哀怨至极而又沉默无语的形象。“有泪无言”，是她的一腔悲愤无处、也无人可以倾诉，只有和着泪水忍声吞下这时代加给她的深重灾难，这实际上也是对南宋投降派君臣的一种无声的谴责。“晚春”既点出被掳的时间，也含有春光将逝无可奈何的情思。
这首小词诉说的是一个被金人暴力胁迫的无力抗争的弱女子的遭遇与悲苦，凄恻动人，它能引起人们对女主人公的无限同情。词的形式义富有民歌的特色，写山写水，说愁说恨，回环往复，一唱三叹，读之令人回肠荡气。
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柳永《
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辛弃疾《
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祝英台近·晚春》
淮上女简介
唐代·淮上女的简介
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淮上女，字面意思是指淮水边良家女子。《续夷坚志》中曾记载南宋宁宗嘉定年间，金人南侵，掳走大批淮上良家妇女之事。另有同名词《减字木兰花·淮上女》，表现了被掳女子的屈辱与悲愤交加的沉痛心情。
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