宫辞
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唐代]：李商隐
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君恩如水向东流，得宠忧移失宠愁。
莫向尊前奏花落，凉风只在殿西头。
宫辞译文及注释
译文
君王的恩宠就跟流水一样不停地东流，使得宫女得宠的时候担心恩宠转移，失宠的时候又忧愁。
莫要在君王的宴席上得意地演奏《梅花落》了，凉风不远，你不久也会像花儿那样被风吹落的。
注释
君恩如水：君王的恩泽就像流水般漂移不定。
忧移：害怕转移，这里指害怕君王的恩宠转移到别人身上。
花落：指的是《梅花落》，汉乐府的《横吹曲》中的笛曲名。
凉风：喻被冷落。和上一句的“梅花落”联系起来，暗示女子色衰被弃的可悲前景。
宫辞创作背景
这首诗创作于晚唐时期，具体年份已不可究。晚唐时期的官场上，朋党倾轧的风气极浓，迭相消长进退，今日的得宠者不久后便变为失宠者。作者这首诗，该是由此有感而发。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴，李翰撰 ．《李商隐诗选评》 ．上海市 ：上海古籍出版社 ，2003 ：218 ．
宫辞鉴赏
这是一首宫怨诗，旨在议论嫔妃宫女的地位和命运，表明妃嫔宫女纵得宠一时，但最终下场和失宠者并无二致。言外之意是警告朋党之辈莫要得意忘形，沾沾自喜。
首先是开头一句“君恩如水向东流”，此句用流水比君王的恩宠，构思极巧妙。流水，则流动不定。君王的恩宠既如流水流动不定，宫女之得宠失宠也随之变化不定。今日君恩流来，明日又会流去，宫女今日得宠，明日又会失宠。一旦失宠，君恩就如流水一去不返。所以无论失宠得宠，等待她们的未来都是不幸。这就逼出了第二句诗句“得宠忧移失宠愁”，此句直接点出宫女的忧愁心情：得宠时候害怕君王感情变化，恩宠转换，而失宠时又愁肠欲断，悲苦难言。所以无论是得到还是失去，宫女妃嫔都得惶惶不可终日，清晰地刻画出宫女患得患失以及矛盾痛苦的心理。句中叠用“宠”字，正说明君王的恩宠对宫女的关系重要。因为宫女的命运，完全操在君王手里。
后两句承接第二句，以失宠者的口吻警告得宠者。“莫向樽前奏花落“一句，喻指伴侍君王宴饮作乐。此处的”花落“借用江淹的《拟班婕妤咏扇》的典故，语含双关，既指曲名，又暗指下一句的花被凉风吹落，“凉风只在殿西头”，凉风不远，最终下场都是一样的，借此典故来抒发己见，警告得宠者，君王之恩宠都是难以维持的。
整体看来，这首诗通篇都用了议论。由于比喻、双关运用得极其巧妙，诗人描写的时候在议论中含着形象，所以令人读来意味深长，比起明白直说更显得含蕴有味。纪晓岚称此诗“怨诽之极而不失优柔唱叹之妙”（《李义山诗集辑评》），正是道出了此诗含蓄的特点。
李商隐的诗就是这样，理解它的典故寓托，能披文揽胜，不理解同样也能领略了其诗的文辞意境之美。
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李白《
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长门怨二首》
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令狐楚《
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思君恩》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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