学弈
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两汉]：佚名
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弈秋，通国之善弈者也。使弈秋诲二人弈，其一人专心致志，惟弈秋之为听；一人虽听之，一心以为有鸿鹄将至，思援弓缴而射之。虽与之俱学，弗若之矣。为是其智弗若与？曰：非然也。
学弈译文及注释
译文
弈秋是全国最善于下围棋的人。让弈秋教导两个人下围棋，其中一人专心致志的学习，只听弈秋的教导；另一个人虽然也在听弈秋的教导，却一心以为有天鹅要飞来，想要拉弓箭去把它射下来。虽然和前一个人一起学棋，但棋艺不如前一个人好。难道是因为他的智力不如前一个人吗？说：不是这样的。
注释
弈秋：弈：下棋。（围棋）
秋，人名，因他善于下棋，所以称为弈秋。
通国：全国。
通：全。
之：的。
善：善于，擅长。
使：让。
诲：教导。
其：其中。
惟弈秋之为听：只听弈秋（的教导）。
虽听之：虽然在听讲。
以为：认为，觉得。
鸿鹄：天鹅。（大雁）
援：引，拉。
将至：将要到来。
思：想。
弓缴：弓箭。
缴：古时指带有丝绳的箭。
之：谓，说。
虽与之俱学：虽然这个人和那个专心致志的人在一起学习。
弗若之矣：成绩却不如另外一个人。
为是其智弗若与：因为他的智力比别人差吗？
曰：说。
非然也：不是这样的。
矣：了。
弗：不如。
学弈鉴赏
弈秋是第一个史上有记载的的围棋专业棋手，也是史上第一个有记载的从事教育的围棋名人。关于弈秋的姓名，清代学者焦循《孟子正义》里作有说明：古之以技传者，每称之为名，如医和、卜徒父是也。此名弈秋，故知秋为其名，因通国皆谓之善弈，故以弈加名称之。
弈秋是幸运的，春秋战国延续五百年，他是留下名字的唯一的一位围棋手，也是我们所知的第一位棋手。
围棋见于我国史籍最早的记载，是春秋时期，至今已有二千六七百年的历史了。弈秋是见于史籍记载的第一位棋手，而且是位“通国之善弈者”。关于他的记载，最早见于《孟子》。由此推测，弈秋可能是与孟子同时代的人，也可能稍早一些，由此也可以推测他大约生活在战国初期。出现弈秋这样的高手，说明当时围棋已相当普及，可以肯定，像弈秋这样的国手不只一人。
孟子称弈秋为“通国之善弈者”。所赞通国善弈，虽未明定专称，已类似后代所称国手，并成为象征性名词。后世称某高手为“当代弈秋”者，即意味着其水平与国手相当。弈秋是当时诸侯列国都知晓的国手，棋艺高超，《弈旦评》推崇他为国棋“鼻祖”。
由于弈秋棋术高明，当时就有很多年青人想拜他力师。弈秋收下了两个学生。一个学生诚心学艺，听先生讲课从不敢怠慢，十分专心。另一个学生大概只图弈秋的名气，虽拜在门下，并不下功夫。弈秋讲棋时，他心不在焉，探头探脑地朝窗外看，想着鸿鹄（天鹅）什么时候才能飞来。飞来了，好张弓搭箭射两下试试。两个学生同在学棋，同拜一个师，前者学有所成，后者未能领悟棋艺。学棋要专心，下棋也得如此，即使是弈秋这样的大师，偶然分心也不行。有一日，弈秋正在下棋，一位吹笙的人从旁边路过。悠悠的笙乐，飘飘忽忽的，如从云中撒下。弈秋一时走了神，侧着身子倾心聆听。此时，正是棋下到决定胜负的时候，笙突然不响了，吹笙人探身向弈秋请教围棋之道，弈秋竟不知如何对答。不是弈秋不明围棋奥秘，而是他的注意力此刻不在棋上。
这两则小故事都记载在史书上。人们把它记下来，大概是想告诫后人们，专心致志是下好围棋的先决条件，做事情要一心一意。
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朱熹《
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读书要三到》
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刘向《
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枭逢鸠 / 枭将东徙》
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