秋日山中寄李处士
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唐代]：杜荀鹤
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吾辈道何穷，寒山细雨中。
儿童书懒读，果栗树将空。
言论关时务，篇章见国风。
升平犹可用，应不废为公。
秋日山中寄李处士译文及注释
译文
我辈的大道怎么会走到尽头，就像寒山还在细雨中巍然耸立一样。
孩子们都对读书有一种惰性，贪玩得把树上的果实都快摘完了。
我们的言论要牵涉到国计民生的世事，文章要能体现国风的标准。
（我辈的学识）在太平丰足之世还是有用的，不应该（因为乱世而）丢掉报国之心。
注释
李处士：疑为李昭象。处士：古代称有才德而隐居不仕的人。
关时务：牵涉到国计民生的世事。关：牵连，涉及。
国风：《诗经》的组成部分。包括“二南”（《周南》、《召南》）和《邶风》、《鄘风》、《卫风》、《王风》、《郑风》、《齐风》、《魏风》、《唐风》、《秦风》、《陈风》、《桧风》、《曹风》、《豳风》，称十五国风。共一百六十篇。大抵是周至春秋中叶的作品，对当时社会政治生活作了广阔的反映，有些作品直接揭露了统治阶级的罪恶。
升平：太平丰足之世。
废：废弃。
参考资料：
1、叶森槐．杜荀鹤诗选：黄山书社，1988年：第41页
2、萧枫．唐诗 8：现状书局，2005：第2425页
秋日山中寄李处士创作背景
诗人身处唐末乱世，社会动乱。唐帝国到了懿宗、僖宗的时候，已经是“日薄西山，气息奄奄”了。百姓们处在暗无天日、水深火热的境地。这首诗也是杜荀鹤反映社会现实，希望通过自己的“主箴刺”之文，来讽谕和裨补社会的弊废阙失，挽救世人的风骨。
参考资料：
1、叶森槐．杜荀鹤诗选：黄山书社，1988年：第2页
秋日山中寄李处士鉴赏
首联以“吾辈”开头，“吾辈”即是“我们”，开篇便点明诗作主体，先入为主，给予读者一种对诗歌的认同感。接下来所书的“道何穷”便体现了“吾辈”的现状，若说这一句只是平平无奇，那么接下来第二句的“寒山细雨”则是将第一句中朴实的语言一下子升华，“吾辈”之道正是如处“寒山细雨”之中，凄冷悲凉，却又屹立不倒，诗人用客观景象来对“道”的形势作出一种生动的描述。
颔联则是列举了几个常见的意象，如“儿童”，“果栗树”，但就是这样普普通通的意象，却最富有代表性。“儿童”是国家未来之希望，却从小将大道放之一旁，不以读书为业，反而去玩耍嬉戏，荒废时间，就连“果栗树”也即将被他们摘空。诗人不仅仅是简单地将这些意象列举出来，而是通过这种写实的手法，表达了自己对国家大道深深地担忧。
颈联则是以教育式的语气来为读者提出要求。两句工整相对，“言论”对“篇章”，“时务”对“国风”，表达了诗人心中的期望。杜荀鹤正是在这两句诗中明确向读者宣告了自己创作诗歌的根本目的，表明了他继承《诗经》现实主义传统的鲜明态度。杜荀鹤将自己的诗集名为《唐风集》，其用意，即以“唐风”继“国风”，用他那“主箴刺”之文，来讽谕和裨补社会的弊废阙失。
尾联则是对颈联内容的一种补充，颈联提出了具体要求，尾联则是为达到这个要求坚定信心。“犹”，是“还，仍然”的意思，在这里，这个字用的恰到好处，世人都以为学识毫无作用，可诗人诗风在这个“犹”字上一转，立刻体现出一种警示的语气，他要提醒世人，他们的想法是荒谬的。体现了诗人对自己想法的肯定，对实现目标充满信心，用呼告的语气告诫人们不要荒废学问，因为学问在这个太平年代是有很大用武之地的。“每与人言，多询时务，每读书史，多求道理”。古之人，不言文学则罢，言文学则必要把“道”摆在首位，体现出强烈的政治功利观和用世精神。这种心态，也可说是价值观和思维方式，已凝冻在诗歌里，难以剔除，成为表达上必有的一种“程式”。反之，缺失了倒觉得极不舒服，便是所谓“离经叛道”吧。故哪怕是言不由衷，心不在焉，用来作点缀，装饰，也是不可或缺的。这首诗便体现出这样一种“教化加牢骚”的程式。
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曹植《
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蝉赋》
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李康《
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运命论》
杜荀鹤简介
唐代·杜荀鹤的简介
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杜荀鹤(846～904)，唐代诗人。字彦之，号九华山人。汉族，池州石埭（今安徽石台）人。大顺进士，以诗名，自成一家，尤长于宫词。大顺二年，第一人擢第，复还旧山。宣州田頵遣至汴通好，朱全忠厚遇之，表授翰林学士、主客员外郎、知制诰。恃势侮易缙绅，众怒，欲杀之而未及。天祐初卒。自序其文为《唐风集》十卷，今编诗三卷。事迹见孙光宪《北梦琐言》、何光远《鉴诫录》、《旧五代史·梁书》本传、《唐诗纪事》及《唐才子传》。
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