泪
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唐代]：李商隐
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永巷长年怨罗绮，离情终日思风波。
湘江竹上痕无限，岘首碑前洒几多。
人去紫台秋入塞，兵残楚帐夜闻歌。
朝来灞水桥边问，未抵青袍送玉珂。
泪译文及注释
译文
幽闭在永巷中哀怨的宫妃，长年累月地泪湿绮罗；闺中独居的思妇思念游子，整日担心江上的风波。
湘江边的竹子上，斑驳的啼痕也应无数，岘首山的石碑前，感怀的涕泪流下几多？
昭君离去紫台，在秋风中走向荒凉的塞外；项羽兵困垓下，在营帐里夜闻凄怆的楚歌。
啊，当我在清晨时，来到灞水桥边看到，青袍寒士相送达官贵人，才知道，这一切都算不了什么。
注释
永巷：《三辅黄图》：“永巷，宫中长巷，幽闭宫女之有罪者。汉武帝时改为掖庭，置狱焉。”《史记·吕后本纪》："乃令永巷囚戚夫人。"
终日：整天。《易·乾》：“君子终日乾乾。”风波：风浪。《楚辞·九章·哀郢》：“顺风波以从流兮，焉洋洋而为客。”
湘江竹痕：指斑竹故事。李衎《竹谱详录》卷六：“泪竹生全湘九疑山中……《述异记》云：‘舜南巡，葬于苍梧，尧二女娥皇、女英泪下沾竹，文悉为之斑。’一名湘妃竹。”
岘首碑：《晋书》：“羊祜卒，百姓于岘山建碑。望其碑者莫不流涕。”
人去紫台：紫台，即紫宫、宫阙。此用王昭君故事。杜甫《咏怀古迹五首》之三：“一去紫台连朔漠，独留青冢向黄昏。”
兵残句：《史记·项羽本纪》：“项王军壁垓下，兵少食尽。汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌，乃大惊曰：‘是何楚人之多也！’项王则夜起，饮帐中。有美人名虞，常幸从……于是项王乃悲歌慷慨，自为诗曰：‘力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝。骓不逝佤可奈何？虞兮虞兮奈若何？’歌数阕，美人和之。项王泣数行下。左右皆泣，莫能仰视。”
灞水桥：灞水是渭河支流，源出蓝田县东秦岭北麓，流经长安东，入渭河。灞桥在长安市东灞水上，是出入长安的要路之一，唐人常以此为饯行之地。
青袍：青袍寒士。玉珂：珂是马鞍上的玉石类饰物，此代指达官贵人。《西京杂记》：“长安盛饰鞍马，皆白蜃为珂。”《玉篇》：“珂，石次玉也，亦玛瑙洁白如玉者。”此言寒士送贵胄，寒士自然很难堪。
参考资料：
1、陈永正．李商隐诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：100-102
泪创作背景
此诗为李商隐自伤身世之作，具体创作年份难以确指。冯浩和张采田都认为是大中二年（848年）冬为李德裕遭贬而作。
参考资料：
1、王思宇 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1209-1210
泪鉴赏
此诗以泪为主题，专言人世悲伤洒泪之事，八句言七事，前六句分别言：失宠、忆远、感逝、怀德、悲秋、伤败（朱彝尊批注语）等典故，七八句写青袍寒士送玉珂贵胄。“未抵”二字乃全诗关键，意谓前六句所述古之伤心泪，皆不及青袍送玉珂之泪感伤深重。
前六句所写之事看似情况都不同，但有一个共同点，就是都含有诗题的一个“泪”字。首句长门宫怨之泪，次句黯然送别之泪，三句自伤孀独之泪，四句有怀睛德之泪，五句身陷异域之泪，六句国破强兵之泪。程梦星说：“泪至于此，可谓尽矣，极矣，无以加矣。然而坎坷失职之伤心，较之更有甚焉。故欲问灞水桥边，凡落拓青袍者饯送显达，其刺心刺骨之泪，竟非以上六等之泪所可抵敌也。”陈永正《李商隐诗选》（三联书店香港分店出版）云：“末两句点出全诗主题。作者把身世之感融进诗中，表现地位低微的读书人的精神痛苦。义山是个卑官，经常要送迎贵客，……此外对令狐綯低声下气，恳切陈情，还是被冷遇，被排斥。这种强烈的屈辱感，好比牙齿被打折了，还得和血吞在肚里，不能作声。……前六句是正面咏泪，用了六个有关泪的伤心典故，以衬托出末句。而末句所写的却是流不出的泪，那是滴在心灵的创口上的苦涩的泪啊！”此诗可谓是诗人感伤身世的血泪的结晶。
李商隐诗用典较多，此诗可谓代表之一。北宋前期诗坛有“西昆体”，刻意学李商隐，其代表人物杨亿、钱惟演、刘筠曾专效此《泪》诗，各作《泪》二首，句句尽用前代感伤涕泣之典故。
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温庭筠《
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过陈琳墓》
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卢挚《
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蟾宫曲·京口怀古·镇江》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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宋代：
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施肩吾
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谁能枉驾入荒榛，随例形相土木身。
不及连山种桃树，花开犹得识夫人。