四块玉·浔阳江
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元代]：马致远
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送客时，秋江冷。商女琵琶断肠声。可知道司马和愁听。月又明，酒又酲，客乍醒。
四块玉·浔阳江译文及注释
译文
送客人走的时候，正是秋日，江面凄冷。歌会弹唱着送别的曲调，让人分外感伤。她可曾知道我在和着愁绪倾听。月亮已挂上了天空，酒意已浓，客居的人猛然惊醒。
注释
四块玉：曲牌名。入“南吕宫”。小令兼用。定格句式为：三三七、七、三三三。
冷：凄冷，萧条。
商女琵琶：此处暗指白居易的《琵琶行》。
和：连，连同。
酲（chéng）：喝醉了神志不清。喻指酒浓。
醒：醒悟，觉醒。
四块玉·浔阳江创作背景
自从《琵琶行》问世后，凡路经浔阳江的文人墨客都会情不自禁的怀念起一度贬谪江州的唐代诗人白居易，这种身临其境的氛围，更使久滞下僚游宦他乡的马致远产生了真切的共鸣。元朝大德年间，词人隐居之时路径此地时怀古伤今，借他人之事悲自己之情，于是写下了这首曲子。
参考资料：
1、关汉卿．《元曲三百首》．北京：中国华侨出版社，2013年：第83页
四块玉·浔阳江鉴赏
“送客时，秋江冷。商女琵琶断肠声。可知道司马和愁听。”瑟瑟秋水，朗朗秋月，江滨送客，以酒饯行，歌女弹着送别的曲调，牵引出作者万般的离愁别绪，和着愁绪倾听着这断肠的曲调，时问仿佛己倒流，依稀可见当年唐朝诗人白居易贬谪江州时，浔阳江头夜送客，写下《瑟琶行》的情景。如今作者身临其境，郁郁不得志的遭遇使之对此诗产生了真切的共鸣。
“客乍醒”，是小令的收尾之笔，也是整篇的高潮，虽言“客”醒，实则主人和客人都己醒来。明写从酒中清醒过来，暗指作者从宦游生涯中醒来，产了强烈的隐归山野之心。一个“醒”字，表明了作者的醒悟，猛然意识到自己的仕途已到此为止，再在宦海沉浮已无多大意义，只有隐归山林，享受山村野趣，才是自己应该选择的道路。
词人把自己的经历、感受融迸了对历史往事的追思中，反映了元代知识分子沉浮宦海、郁郁不得志所产生的矛盾心情，这也是元代下层文人的普遍情绪。
本首小令怀古伤今，虽然篇幅较短，但辞句清淡，韵味悠长，与自居易的《琵琶行》一脉相通，表现出略带忧伤的官场失意情思。
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马致远《
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四块玉·浔阳江》
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马致远《
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四块玉·马嵬坡》
马致远简介
唐代·马致远的简介
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马致远（1250年-1321年），字千里，号东篱（一说字致远，晚号“东篱”），汉族，大都（今北京）人，另一说（马致远是河北省东光县马祠堂村人，号东篱，以示效陶渊明之志）。他的年辈晚于关汉卿、白朴等人，生年当在至元（始于1264）之前，卒年当在至治改元到泰定元年（1321—1324）之间，与关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴并称“元曲四大家”，是我国元代时著名大戏剧家、散曲家。
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