题齐安城楼
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唐代]：杜牧
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呜轧江楼角一声，微阳潋潋落寒汀。
题齐安城楼译文及注释
译文
江楼上响起了呜咽的号角声，残阳的余晖洒在寒冷的沙汀。
不必倚靠栏杆苦苦回头眺望，这里到故乡有七十五个驿亭。
注释
齐安：唐郡名。天宝元年（742年）改黄州置，治黄冈县（今湖北武汉市新洲区）。辖境相当今湖北省武汉市北部，红安、麻城、黄冈等县市地。乾元元年（758年）复为黄州。
呜轧（yà）：象声词，形容号角吹响时的声音。古时在城楼吹号角以报时。一作“呜咽”。江楼：指黄州城楼。
微阳：黄昏时光线微弱的太阳。晋潘尼《上巳日帝会天渊池诗》：“谷风散凝，微阳戒始。”，潋（liàn）潋：波光闪烁的样子。这里借指阳光。汀（tīng）：水边平地。
凭阑 ：即“凭栏”，身倚栏杆。
故乡：指长安。长亭：古时于道路每隔十里设长亭，故亦称“ 十里长亭 ”。供行旅停息。近城者常为送别之处。
参考资料：
1、顾非熊．美得令人窒息的唐诗．北京：北京联合出版公司，2012：186
2、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：674-675
题齐安城楼创作背景
这首宦游思乡的作品，是唐武宗会昌四年（844年）杜牧在黄州城楼上思念远方家乡时所作。唐时每州都有一个郡名，“齐安”是黄州的郡名。杜牧于会昌（唐武宗年号，841—846年）初出守黄州。
参考资料：
1、周啸天．隋唐五代诗词鉴赏．成都：四川人民出版社，2003：331
题齐安城楼鉴赏
此诗首句“呜轧江楼角一声”中的“一声”两字很有可玩味。本是暮角声声，断而复连，只写“一声”也就是第一声，这显然是强调它对诗中人影响很大。他一直高踞在城楼，俯临大江，凭栏回首，远眺通向乡关之路。正出神的时候，忽然一声角鸣，使他不由蓦然惊醒，这才发现天色已晚，夕阳已沉没水天之际。这就写出一种“苦回首”的情态。象声词“呜轧”，用在句首，正造成似晴空一声雷的感觉。
由于写“一声”就产生一个特殊的情节，与“吹角当城片月孤”一类写景抒情诗句同中有异。呜咽的角声又造成一种凄凉气氛，那“潋潋”的江水，黯淡无光的夕阳，水中的汀洲，也都带有几分寒意。“微”、“寒”等字均著感情色彩，写出了望乡人的主观感受。
暮色苍茫，最易牵惹乡思离情。诗人的故家在长安杜陵，长安在黄州西北。“回首夕阳红尽处，应是长安。”（宋张舜民《卖花声》）“微阳潋潋落寒汀”，正是西望景色。而三句却作转语说：“不用凭栏苦回首”，似是自我劝解，因为“故乡七十五长亭”，即使回首又怎么能望尽这迢递关山？这是否定的语势，实际上形成唱叹，起着强化诗情的作用。这首诗是宦游思乡之作，赞许者都异口同声地称引其末句。
按唐时计量，黄州距长安二千二百五十五里（《通典》卷一八三），驿站恰合“七十五”之数（古时三十里一驿，每驿有亭）。但这里的数字垛积还别有妙处，它以较大数目写出“何处是归程，长亭更短亭”的家山遥远的情景，修辞别致；而只见归程，不见归人，意味深长。从音节（顿）方面看，由于运用数字，使末句形成“二三二”的特殊节奏（通常应为“二二三”），声音的拗折传达出凭栏者情绪的不平静，又是一层妙用。
唐代有的诗人也喜堆垛数字，如骆宾王，却不免被讥为“算博士”。考其原因，是因为他运用的数字多是为了属对方便，过露痕迹，用得又太多太滥，也就容易惹人生厌。而此诗数字之设置，则是出于表达情感的需要，是艺术上的别出心裁，所以驱使而让人没有察觉，真可夸口“虽‘算博士’何妨”。
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杜牧《
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秋浦途中》
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刘皂《
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旅次朔方》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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