菩萨蛮·问君何事轻离别
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清代]：纳兰性德
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问君何事轻离别，一年能几团圆月。杨柳乍如丝，故园春尽时。
春归归不得，两桨松花隔。旧事逐寒潮，啼鹃恨未消。
菩萨蛮·问君何事轻离别译文及注释
译文
试问我为何轻易地离别？一年能有几次圆月。北国的杨柳刚刚如长丝，家园已是三春过尽时。
春天归去我却不能归，行船松花江被江阻隔。往事悠悠像寒冷的江潮，裹啼的杜鹃怨恨未消。
注释
菩萨蛮：唐教坊曲名，后用为词牌，也用作曲牌。亦作《菩萨鬘》，又名《子夜歌》、《重叠金》等。
问君：词人自问。
一年能几团圆月：指自己与家人一年能团聚多久。
乍（zhà）如丝：指刚刚吐出新绿时。
故园：指词人家所在的北京。
春归：乘春而归家。
松花：松花江。
啼鹃（tíjuān）：鹃，杜鹃，传说杜鹃啼叫声为“不如归去”。
参考资料：
1、张菊玲 关纪新 李红雨．清代满族作家诗词选：时代文艺出版社，1987年02月第1版：17页
2、弓保安．清词三百首今译：陕西人民出版社，1992年06月第1版：248页
菩萨蛮·问君何事轻离别创作背景
康熙二十一年（1682）二月份，词人随从康熙到盛京告祭祖陵，并巡视吉林等地。当时天气还很寒冷，词人想起了远在北京的妻子，心有所感，写下这首词，抒写了对闺中妻子的思念。
参考资料：
1、赵明华．纳兰词典评：黑龙江科学技术出版社，2010.12,：112页
菩萨蛮·问君何事轻离别鉴赏
上阕由问句起：“问君何事轻离别”，这句是词人故意模拟妻子口吻质问自己：你为何轻视离别？表面上是妻子恼我，骨子里是我谅妻子，笔致深情而委婉。接以“一年能几团圆月”句，其怅叹离多会少之情已见。词人并不是“轻离别”，只是身为康熙皇帝的一等侍卫，他随扈出行，不得不离，不得不别。“杨柳乍如丝，故园春尽时”二句出之以景语，以美好的春色反衬有家难归的悲凄。“乍如丝”生动形象的写出了北地的季节在仲春，那么此时“故园”也就春意阑珊了。
下阕明确点出“归不得”的缘由，即扈驾从巡，身不由己。“春归归不得”一句上承“杨柳乍如丝，故园春尽时”，言春尽而不能归的怅惘心情。“两桨松花隔”，南朝民歌《莫愁乐》：“莫愁在何处？莫愁石城西。艇子打两桨，催送莫愁来。”词人反其意而用之，说是因为被松花江阻隔，不能回去。表面是怨江，实际上是怨侍卫之差事阻其归家与妻子相聚。结篇二句是此时心态的描写，即追思往事，令人心寒，犹如眼前松花江水的寒潮起伏，不能平静。
全词话语直致，但内容曲折，首句的拟言和结句的用典都为本词增加深沉宛转之情，深婉感人。
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纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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