悼亡三首
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宋代]：梅尧臣
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结发为夫妇，于今十七年。
相看犹不足，何况是长捐！
我鬓已多白，此身宁久全？
终当与同穴，未死泪涟涟。
每出身如梦，逢人强意多。
归来仍寂寞，欲语向谁何？
窗冷孤萤入，宵长一雁过。
世间无最苦，精爽此销磨。
从来有修短，岂敢问苍天？
见尽人间妇，无如美且贤。
譬令愚者寿，何不假其年？
忍此连城宝，沉埋向九泉！
悼亡三首译文及注释
译文
我们成为结发夫妻，到如今一共有十七年。
互相厮守还嫌不够，何况现在是永远失去！
我鬓发已多见斑白，这肉身还能坚持多久？
与你同穴为期不远，未死时还是涕泪涟涟。
每次出门如同梦游，逢人只能勉强应付。
归来时孤寂之感更厉害，又能向谁诉说？
长夜难眠，耳听窗中飞孤萤天空雁叫声。
世间没有比这更痛苦的，精神从此销磨。
人生寿命不齐本属自然，哪里还敢质问苍天？
见过无数人间女子，没有谁比我妻美丽贤惠。
如此让愚者寿贤者夭，为什么贤者不能延年？
不忍心我这连城宝，就这样沉埋在九泉之下！
注释
十七年：梅尧臣与其夫人谢氏于天圣六年（1028）结婚，至庆历四年（1044）妻子去世，一共十七年。
长捐：这里指永远失去。捐，抛弃，舍弃，丢弃。
鬓（bìn）：本指耳边的头发，这里代指头发。
宁：难道。
同穴：同葬
涟涟（lián）：泪流不止的样子
身如梦：指精神恍惚，神志不清的状态
强意：指勉强与人寒暄周旋之意。
谁河：谁人，哪个。
孤萤：数量少的萤虫。
宵：夜晚。
精爽：指精神。
销磨：同“消磨”，逐渐消退。
譬（pì）：假如。修短：寿命的长短。
假：挪借。
连城宝：价值连城的宝物，指爱妻谢氏。
参考资料：
1、吴孟复 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：88-89
2、古代汉语字典编委会．古代汉语字典．北京：商务印书馆国际有限公司，2005：410、895
3、胡光舟，周满江．中国历代名诗分类大典 4． 南宁市：广西人民出版社，1990.07：559-560
4、陶广雪 卢瑞彬.平淡中的深邃——论梅尧臣的悼亡诗.安阳师范学院学报，2008
悼亡三首创作背景
宋仁宗庆历四年（1044），梅尧臣与妻子谢氏乘船返汴京，七月七日至高邮三沟，谢氏死于舟中。这三首诗是梅尧臣悼念亡妻谢氏之作，写于同年。
参考资料：
1、吴孟复 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：88-89
2、陶广雪 卢瑞彬.平淡中的深邃——论梅尧臣的悼亡诗.安阳师范学院学报，2008
悼亡三首鉴赏
第一首是总写。“结发”两句以总叙起，着重在“十七年”。“十七年”而“相看犹不足”，便见爱之深、情之挚。“相看不足”之时，忽然中路“长捐”，诗人十分悲痛。语愈平淡，情愈真切。
元稹《遣悲怀三首》诗中说“昔日戏言身后意，今朝都到眼前来。”梅尧臣也写谢氏身后的个人心情：由自己“鬓已多白”料想到“身宁久全”，逆计“同穴”之期当在不远，可强作宽解；然而在“未死”之前，则一息苟存，即有“泪涟涟”而不能自止。几番转折，愈转而愈深。
第二首则突出一点，作具体刻画。情是抽象的，必须因事因景才能写出；至于写得“尽意”，则尤其难得。梅尧臣先从自己的“出门”与“归来”写起。司马迁写自己的悲痛心情，有“居则忽忽若有所亡，出则不知所注”，即是从“居”、“出”着笔的。梅尧臣的“每出身如梦”，比“不知所往”，表达更明晰。心在谢氏身上，故出门也像做梦一样；“出门”“逢人”，也只是勉强应付。“出门”时有人谈论，还可稍解悲戚；“归来”时则孤寂之感更甚。潘岳《悼亡》诗“望庐思其人，入室想所历”，亦即此情此景之写照。人在“出门”时有所见闻，回来总想向亲人讲讲，可是人亡室空，无人可以倾诉了。这一点写出了最难写的情意。接下去写“窗冷孤萤入，宵长一雁过”。古人把丧妻之夫，比作鳏鱼，谓其夜不闭眼。这两句也就是描写长夜失眠的景况。由于长夜难眠，所以窗中飞入“孤萤”、天空一声雁叫，皆能察觉得到。这两句刻画得尤为真切。正所谓“含不尽之意，见于言外。”“世间无最苦”，谓世上没有比此更痛苦的事了，他的精神全部被这难熬的时光销磨殆尽了。语近夸张，但非此写不出镂心刻骨之痛。
第三首，以“问天”形式，写出爱情之专与悲哀之深。但他不直说问天，而先说“从来有修短”。人生寿命不齐，本属自然；但为什么愚者寿而贤者夭，那就要“问苍天”了。设想之奇，正见用情之挚。特别是“见尽人间妇，无如美且贤”，表面上夸张，却又最合情理，因为在他心目中正是如此。有人戏谓其“情人眼中出西施”；难在做了“十七年”夫妇，还能持此看祛，其用情之专一，在当时士大夫中是颇为少见的。诗中把妻子写得愈贤愈美，则妻子死后，诗人就愈加悼惜。陈石遗曾指此谓“从《诗经·卫风·硕人》中来”。梅尧臣虽不一定是有意摹拟《诗经》，而千古诗人的思路往往是前后相同的。正所谓“有声当彻天，有泪当彻泉”（陈师道诗句）了。
哀婉诗要求率直，于平淡中见真情。梅尧臣这三首悼亡诗，以质朴见长，曲折而凄婉地表达了自己的情感，语言平淡，情真意切，把内容和形式完美的统一起来，副有很强的感染力。可谓是言情诗的杰作。
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悼亡诗三首》
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纳兰性德《
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浣溪沙·凤髻抛残秋草生》
梅尧臣简介
唐代·梅尧臣的简介
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梅尧臣（1002～1060）字圣俞，世称宛陵先生，北宋著名现实主义诗人。汉族，宣州宣城（今属安徽）人。宣城古称宛陵，世称宛陵先生。初试不第，以荫补河南主簿。50岁后，于皇祐三年（1051）始得宋仁宗召试，赐同进士出身，为太常博士。以欧阳修荐，为国子监直讲，累迁尚书都官员外郎，故世称“梅直讲”、“梅都官”。曾参与编撰《新唐书》，并为《孙子兵法》作注，所注为孙子十家著（或十一家著）之一。有《宛陵先生集》60卷，有《四部丛刊》影明刊本等。词存二首。
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刘崧
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莫叹飘零万里身，尊前相见即相亲。黄花翠竹来江外，紫蟹银鱼出海滨。
雁度石门云气近，乌啼金井露花新。不辞令节成欢醉，总是登高能赋人。
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宿献花岩作 其一
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明代：
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朱应登
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名山隔岁与心期，古寺经过再赋诗。僮仆解装先藉草，主僧留客旋烹葵。
泉鸣涧壑秋生驶，树隐房栊日上迟。岂独有缘参法界，同行吏部共襟期。