水龙吟·老来曾识渊明
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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老来曾识渊明，梦中一见参差是。觉来幽恨，停觞不御，欲歌还止。白发西风，折腰五斗，不应堪此。问北窗高卧，东篱自醉，应别有，归来意。
须信此翁未死，到如今凛然生气。吾侪心事，古今长在，高山流水。富贵他年，直饶未免，也应无味。甚东山何事，当时也道，为苍生起。
水龙吟·老来曾识渊明译文及注释
译文
到老才认识了陶渊明，梦中见到的仿佛是他的身影。一觉醒来觉得满腔幽恨，放下酒杯，想唱支歌，开口又停。我佩服你白发归隐面对西风，不堪忍受五斗米折腰宁愿归耕。夏天在北窗前高卧乘凉，秋天在东篱旁自醉自星。你的归隐又更深的意义含在其中，绝不仅只是逸致闲情。
我深信这位先哲并未死去，到今天仍是一身正气，凛然如生。我们虽然相隔古今却心事相同，志在高山流水有知音。即使今后我难免出来做官，但荣华富贵已无味可品。为什么隐居东山的谢安又要出仕？人们都说这是为了世上苍生。
注释
水龙吟：词牌名。双调一百零二字，上片十一句四仄韵，下片十一句五仄韵。
渊明：即东晋诗人陶渊明。
参（cēn）差（cī）：好像，仿佛。
觉来：醒来。
停觞（shāng）不御：停杯不饮。御：用，进，此处引申为饮。
五斗：五斗米，指微薄的俸禄。
堪：忍受。
凛然：严肃，令人生畏的样子。
吾侪（chái）：我辈，我们。
高山流水：喻知音。
直饶：即使。
甚：是。东山：指东晋大臣谢安，曾隐居东山。何事：为什么。
苍生：黎民百姓。
参考资料：
1、谢俊华．辛弃疾全词详注（下册）．沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，2016：808-809
2、杨 忠．辛弃疾词选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：238-241
3、刘乃昌 编选．辛弃疾集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：149-151
水龙吟·老来曾识渊明鉴赏
辛弃疾自青少年时代起，就饱经战乱之苦，立志抗金，恢复中原，他的词也以激越豪放而著称。但是在这首《水龙吟》中所反映出来的思想，却引归耕隐居的陶渊明为“知己”，未免有点消极。之所以如此，与他的遭际有着密切的关系。据学者考证，此词约作于公元1194年（光宗绍熙五年），那年辛弃疾已经五十五岁，秋天又被罢官，于是感伤世事人生，不免慨叹。
此词上片开头就说：“老来曾识渊明，梦中一见参差是。”句法就有点特别。陶渊明与作者，本来志趣不同，性格各异，而作者却说他们已有了神交，并在梦中见过面了。这对一般读者来说，不能不感到突兀、惊诧，从而也就有可能构成一个强烈的印象，令人玩味。“老来”二字是特指，说明作者驱驰战马、奔波疆场或是筹划抗金、收复故土的年轻时代，与脱离尘嚣、回归自然的陶渊明是无缘的，而只有在他受到压抑与排斥，壮志难酬的老年时代，才有机会“相识渊明”。这个开头，对读者来说既有些突然，又让人感到十分自然。而作者也以平静的语气叙述，益发显得深沉。接下去的“觉来幽恨，停觞不御，欲歌还止”三句，直接抒写作者心中的沉痛心情。心头之恨是如此沉重，竟使得作者酒也不饮，歌也不唱。这是为什么？作者作了回答：一个白发老翁怎能在西风萧瑟中为五斗米折腰！但是，也不仅仅是因为这个。
词的下片紧随前文，并作了更深入的回答：悔恨东山再起！先讲陶渊明的精神、人格和事业都是永在的，而且仍凛然有生气，和现实是相通的。“懔然生气”一句，这里暗用《世说新语·品藻》“廉颇、蔺相如虽千载上死人，懔懔恒如有生气”的语言以赞渊明。正是因为如此，所以作者紧跟着又用了“高山流水”的典故，来说明他同渊明之间是千古知音。这知音就在于对“富贵他年”所持的态度。接下去“富贵他年，直饶未免，也应无味”三句，引用了东晋谢安的故事。据《世说新语·排调篇》记载：“谢安在东山居布衣时，兄弟已有富贵者，翕集家门，倾动人物。刘夫人戏谓安曰：‘大丈夫不当如此乎？’谢乃捉鼻曰：‘但恐不免耳。’”说明即使他年不免于富贵显达，也是没有意思的。结语“甚东山何事”三句用的仍然是谢安的事，同书又记载：“谢公在东山，朝命屡降而不动。后出为桓宣武司马，将发新亭，朝士咸出瞻送。高灵时为中丞，亦往相祖。先时多少饮酒，因倚如醉，戏曰：‘卿屡违朝旨，高卧东山，诸人每相与言：安石不肯出，将如苍生何？今亦苍生将如卿何？’谢笑而不答。”很显然，从作者到陶渊明，又从陶渊明到谢安，或富贵显达，或归田隐居，或空怀壮志，虽处境各不相同，但其实一样，都没有什么意义。这是英雄的悲叹。
与辛弃疾其他一些诗词中所反映出来的豪情壮志不同，在这首词中，作者已没有“要挽银河仙浪，西北洗胡沙”（《水调歌头》），“道男儿到死心如铁，看试手，补天裂”（《贺新郎》）那种壮志凌云、激越慷慨的感情，而是把一切都看得如此闲淡无谓，如此的不屑一顾，这绝不是作者的本意，而是作者对现实政治的失望与哀叹，是时代的悲剧。
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苏轼《
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东栏梨花》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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潮声云外散，花色醉中多。
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怀入山来所栖伏林谷三百里中小有丘壑辄畅然欣感各述以小诗得二十九首 其六 黄沙潭
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明代：
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王夫之
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落叶绝行踪，随意披疏筱。龙气动乔木，空潭无猿鸟。