洞仙歌·丁卯八月病中作
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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贤愚相去，算其间能几。差以毫厘缪千里。细思量义利，舜跖之分，孳孳者，等是鸡鸣而起。
味甘终易坏，岁晚还知，君子之交淡如水。一饷聚飞蚊，其响如雷，深自觉、昨非今是。羡安乐窝中泰和汤，更剧饮，无过半醺而已。
洞仙歌·丁卯八月病中作译文及注释
译文
人有贤愚之分，他们中间能差多少呢？不要小看了这个区别，可以说：差之毫釐，缪之千里之远。仔细地想想，义与利是舜与跖的分别。他们都鸡鸣即起，孳孳不倦地作事情。为善的就是舜的徒弟，为利的就是跖的徒弟。这两种人我们一定要分清楚。
醴的味道甘甜，但它终久容易坏；水没有味道，它就能长久保持本色不变。我到了老年还知道一个道理：君子交朋友淡如水。吃一餐饭的时候，聚集一大批飞蚊，它们的响声如雷。现在想起来觉得：昨天错了，今天对了。我很羡慕能在安乐窝里有泰和汤喝，即便是剧饮也不会醉，但只打算喝个半醉就行了。
注释
孳孳：勤勉不懈。
安乐窝：指住宅。泰和汤：指酒。
洞仙歌·丁卯八月病中作鉴赏
这首词是开禧二年，宋王朝又任命辛弃疾为绍兴府知府兼浙江东路安抚使。但是辛弃疾在镇江任上遭受的打击，伤痕犹在，无意出山，便上疏辞掉了。十二月又任命为陵兴知府，并诏命于上任前先赴阙奏事。奏事后，又升任为兵部侍郎。侍郎仅次于尚书的职务，有一定的兵权。辛弃疾始终以统一祖国为已任，按道理讲，这个差事，他是乐于接受的。但他早已认清宋王朝的昏庸无能，韩侂胄专权肆虐，宋金两国的战争一触即发，而且战争必以宋军失败而告终。辛弃疾以国家为重，乐意奔赴前线，年老病重。到了开禧三年的八月大病在身，九月南宋小朝廷又诏命他为枢密院都承旨。可是诏书到达铅山前九月十日，这位民族英雄、南宋的大词家“大呼杀贼数声”含恨离开了人间，享年六十八岁。辛弃疾在病中对自己的一生作了一番回忆，他经历了农民起义，青年时代就踏入官场，迭经波折，有欢乐，有悲哀；观察了从皇帝、权臣，到一般官吏，更结识了数量可观的农民，从而对人的贤愚优劣有了个认识。总的说来，他认为人有贤愚之分，即好坏之分。他们中间“差以毫釐缪千里。”辛弃疾分清贤愚的界限，是以义利为标准，即以义为主的人是贤者，它的标准人物是舜，以利为主的人是愚者，它的标准人物是跖。下片总结了自己一生交友的经验教训，“君子之交淡如水。”对那些响声如雷的“飞蚊”才有了正确的认识。他沉痛地说：“昨非今是。”作者最后下决心不出山了，想在“安乐窝中”半醺“泰和汤”了此一生。没有想到这首词竟成了他的绝笔！
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李清照《
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打马赋》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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