花犯·谢黄复庵除夜寄古梅枝
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宋代]：吴文英
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翦横枝，清溪分影，翛然镜空晓。小窗春到。怜夜冷孀娥，相伴孤照。古苔泪锁霜千点，苍华人共老。料浅雪、黄昏驿路，飞香遗冻草。
行云梦中认琼娘，冰肌瘦，窈窕风前纤缟。残醉醒，屏山外、翠禽声小。寒泉贮、绀壶渐暖，年事对、青灯惊换了。但恐舞、一帘胡蝶，玉龙吹又杳。
花犯·谢黄复庵除夜寄古梅枝译文及注释
译文
将梅花从树上剪下来后，倒映溪中的梅枝影也即分成两截，但映在平静似镜的溪水中的梅影却显得更加空疏、自在。将梅花放置在窗台上，梅花的清香给居所带来了春的气息，独守广寒的嫦娥也将月光洒照在梅枝上陪伴。眼前的梅枝已有多年，枝上长着泪痕似的斑斑白霜般的苔藓，它与我头上的苍苍白发互相映衬。沿着驿道，踏着浅雪，将梅花的清香一路散发在浅雪中的冻草上，紧赶而来，终于在除夜黄昏时送到了。
好像在梦中见到梅神冰肌玉骨，身披素缟在风中翩翩起舞。醉梦醒后，仍在幻觉中，仿佛听到翠羽啁唧的声音。时间已过很久，连插着梅枝的壶中泉水也渐渐由冷变暖。只见青灯上的灯光也渐转暗，室外已泛出晓光，忽然感到又一个新年到来了。但是害怕它们翩然起舞，就像蝴蝶和雪一样。
注释
花犯：词牌名，为周邦彦自度曲。双调一百零二字。前段十句，六仄韵；后段九句，四仄韵。
黄复庵：作者友人，生平不详。
横枝：指梅的枝条。
翛（xiāo）然：即无拘无束，自由自在。
孀娥：即嫦娥。因她弃夫后羿奔月，故称之孀娥。孀，一本作“霜”。
古苔：有苔藓寄生在梅树根枝之上，称苔梅。古传苔梅有二种：宜兴张公洞之苔梅，苔厚花极香；绍兴之苔梅，其苔如绿丝，长尺余。千点：一本作“痕饱”。
苍华：花白。
驿路：有驿站的大道。
飞香：喻指梅。冻：一本作“冷”，一本作“暗”。
琼娘：许飞琼，传说中的仙女。《汉武帝内传》：王母“命侍女许飞琼鼓震灵之簧。”
纤缟：白色的衣裙。缟（gǎo），白色。
绀壶：指插梅枝的天青色水壶。绀（gàn），深青带红的颜色。
玉龙：笛子。杳：悠远。
参考资料：
1、李虹杰．咏梅：武汉出版社，2013：250-251
2、赵慧文．吴文英词新释辑评（上册）：中国书店，2007：288-291
花犯·谢黄复庵除夜寄古梅枝创作背景
这首词具体创作年代已不详。在作者词集《梦窗词》中有多首词提到了黄复庵，如《月中行·和黄复庵》和《倒犯·赠黄复庵》等，可见二人情谊之深厚，这首词即是作者在除夕黄昏收到黄复庵所赠的古梅枝后，答谢友人之作。
参考资料：
1、李虹杰．咏梅：武汉出版社，2013：250-251
花犯·谢黄复庵除夜寄古梅枝鉴赏
“剪横枝”三句，写友人寄梅前情景。首两句化用林逋《山园小梅二首》“疏影横斜水清浅”诗句，言古梅树生长在溪水傍，梅枝长得纵横飘逸，复庵将它从树上剪下来后，倒映溪中的梅枝影也即分成两截，但映在平静似镜的溪水中的梅影却显得更加空疏、自在。“小窗”三句，词人收到梅枝后的情景。言除夕夜词人收到了复庵寄来的古梅枝，就将它们放置在窗台上。梅花的清香给词人的居所带来了春的气息，独守广寒的嫦娥也将月光洒照在梅枝上陪伴词人共度除夜。关于“孀娥”，这里引神话传说，意谓嫦娥独守广寒宫凄凉孤苦，因而与同是孤苦一人独伴梅枝冷清清地过着除夜的词人同病相怜，所以洒照月光来陪词人共度除夜。“古苔”两句，点出一“古”字的特征。词人说：眼前的梅枝已有多年，你看它枝上长着泪痕似的斑斑白霜般的苔藓，它与我头上的苍苍白发互相映衬，足以使人相怜相惜了。这里“苍华”，既形容梅枝上的斑斑苔色，也指词人的花白头发。“料浅雪”两句，补叙送梅情景。料想复庵派人沿着驿道，踏着浅雪，将梅花的清香一路散发在浅雪中的冻草上，紧赶而来，终于在除夜黄昏时送到了我家。上片以时间为序，叙述了友人黄复庵的寄梅枝过程，层次井然。
“行云”三句，写梦中梅神。关于“行云”，宋玉《高唐赋》说，神女“旦为朝云，暮为行雨”。而在这里，是说词人好像在梦中见到梅神冰肌玉骨，身披素缟在风中翩翩起舞。句中“冰肌”、“窈窕”是梅枝的特征，也是将梅花拟人化。“残醉醒”两句，写词人梦醒后感觉。题曰“除夜”，故词人独酌伴梅枝守岁，因酒醉而作梦，梦醒后人却仍在幻觉之中。所以杨铁夫《梦窗词全集笺释》：“梦中见琼娘，方以为真美人，乃醒来闻翠禽声，方知原来是梅。”“翠禽”句，化用梅神传说，据《龙城录》说：“隋开皇中，赵师雄迁罗浮，天寒日暮，见林间酒肆旁舍一美人，淡妆靓色，素服出迎。赵师雄不觉醉卧，既觉，在大梅树上，有翠羽啁唧其上。”词人即用这个传说，演化成一种人梅梦魂相交的意境。“寒泉贮”两句，写词人守岁伴梅达旦。此言时间已过很久，连插着梅枝的壶中泉水也渐渐由冷变暖。只见青灯上的灯光也渐转暗，室外已泛出晓光，词人忽然感到又一个新年到来了。“但恐舞”两句，述惜梅之心。“玉龙”，本喻下雪，这里却是将蝴蝶与白雪的飞舞都用以比喻梅花的凋落，并像它们似的漫天飘舞。这是词人由惜梅而至担心，可见词人对梅花是爱惜备至。下片以词人的心理活动为序，写词人得梅枝后的思维过程。
此词并不是纯客观的咏物，而是以拟人化的手法托物寄情。因为是白梅，词人把它比作琼娘，也就是仙女许飞琼。词人以拟人手法赋予梅花以高洁的品质，同时在这个形象中寄托了自己的理想以及生不逢时的悲哀，这种感叹不仅限于个人，也透露了南宋末年的动乱、衰亡。
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除夜宿石头驿》
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孟浩然《
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岁除夜会乐城张少府宅》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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紫骝何处系垂杨，菡萏初分太液长。十万红妆齐衒色，三千彩袖各飞香。
游童戴叶翻歌扇，稚女穿花出画航。最是夜来添怅绝，湖南一路下新霜。
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溪居
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明代：
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陈曰昌
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人多物外役，而我独无营。浩浩复落落，湖山注夙情。
因之不适俗，壮心淹老成。园林聊日涉，守拙若硁硁。
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送翰林宋先生致仕归金华二十五首 其九
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明代：
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孙蕡
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令子内庭书制诰，佳孙复作序班郎。一门三代沾恩泽，更着锦衣归故乡。
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北京八咏 其二 玉泉垂虹
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：
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王洪
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碧嶂丹崖泻不停，翠微云净转分明。春风不散空中影，夜月偏闻树底声。
内苑分来瑶草合，御桥流出凤池平。仙源信与人间别，岁岁年年长自清。