南湖
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唐代]：温庭筠
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湖上微风入槛凉，翻翻菱荇满回塘。
野船著岸偎春草，水鸟带波飞夕阳。
芦叶有声疑雾雨，浪花无际似潇湘。
飘然篷艇东归客，尽日相看忆楚乡。
南湖译文及注释
译文
南湖上微风入槛习习生凉，随风飘动的菱荇叶子遍满池塘。
野船紧靠在春草丛生的岸边；水鸟带着波光在夕阳下飞翔。
风吹芦叶飒飒作响疑是天在下雨；浪花无边无际很像洞庭风光。
整天看着篷船飘荡在湖上，我这东归客不禁想起太湖边的故乡。
注释
南湖：指镜湖，即今浙江绍兴的鉴湖。
槛（jiàn）：指上下四方加板的船，而非通常所指临水有栏杆的建筑。一说指栏杆，似指湖边台榭上的栏杆，亦泛指台榭。
翻翻：形容叶子随风飘动之状。菱荇（xìng）：二者皆为可食用的水生植物。回塘：曲折回绕的池塘。此指镜湖边上的池塘。
飞夕阳：即“夕阳飞”的倒装，意谓在夕阳下飞。
雾雨：蒙蒙细雨。
潇湘：原指湘江与潇水，此指湘江。
篷艇：即篷船。篷，一作“蓬”；艇，一作“顶”。东归客：指作者自己。归，一作“游”。
楚乡：指作者在吴地（吴被楚灭，故又称楚地）太湖附近的旧乡。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴．温庭筠诗词选．郑州：中州古籍出版社，2011：90-91
南湖创作背景
此诗约作于唐武宗会昌二年（842）春。会昌元年（841），温庭筠自长安东归吴中，当年秋天抵达吴中旧乡。大约次年春天，由吴中游越中，此诗即抵达越中后所作。
参考资料：
1、刘学锴．温庭筠诗词选．郑州：中州古籍出版社，2011：90-91
南湖鉴赏
此诗前三联均写舟中所见南湖景色，而“湖上微风”四字实为所有景物特征之根由。举凡“入槛凉”之触觉感受，“翻翻菱荇”“野船着岸”“水鸟带波”“浪花无际”之视觉感受，“芦叶有声”之听觉感受，均缘“湖上微波”而生。而“浪花无际”一句又暗递到尾联“忆楚乡”。盖因诗人之旧乡即在烟波浩渺之太湖滨，故见此“浪花无际”之南湖遂自然引起对“楚乡”之思忆。
诗人在遣词用字上颇见功力。颔联出句中的“野”字用得好，像是刻意凝练过才下笔的，其中透着一股自由自在、无拘无束的意蕴，而温庭筠之所以客居他乡，正是被俗事所扰。温庭筠笔下多次出现类似这般适于隐逸的景物，可见他对野趣是颇有眷恋的。还有“偎”字运用了拟人手法，生动形象地写出小船轻倚着长满青草的湖岸时的温馨、静谧景象，表达了诗人对眼前景象的喜爱之情。对句的“带”字生动形象地写出水鸟伴着余晖从水面飞掠而过的轻灵（轻盈）的动态美，使整幅画面活泼灵动。
颈联的“疑”“似”二字有传神之妙，以虚托实，更见南湖景色之美。“疑”字用得尤为传神，蒙蒙如雾霭之雨仍嫌太大，故用“疑”字更进一步的将雨“细”化，细到只能闻声，不能辨形的程度。古代文学中，常有将动词用作形容词的，然而若使读者可以明显感觉到词性的转变，则雕凿之迹显矣，实非上品；而观温庭筠此“疑”字的用法，词性未变，但却有形容词之效，极妙。
此诗风格清丽流美，写景如画，诗句于平淡之中见新奇，其中“水鸟”句和“芦叶”句尤为出色，宛然一幅颇富动态、明媚秀丽的春景图。
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戎昱《
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移家别湖上亭》
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贺铸《
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钓船归·绿净春深好染衣》
温庭筠简介
唐代·温庭筠的简介
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温庭筠（约812—866）唐代诗人、词人。本名岐，字飞卿，太原祁（今山西祁县东南）人。富有天才，文思敏捷，每入试，押官韵，八叉手而成八韵，所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁，又好讥刺权贵，多犯忌讳，取憎于时，故屡举进士不第，长被贬抑，终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗，与李商隐齐名，时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽，秾艳精致，内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上，为“花间派”首要词人，对词的发展影响较大。在词史上，与韦庄齐名，并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》。
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