浣花溪记
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明代]：钟惺
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出成都南门，左为万里桥。西折纤秀长曲，所见如连环、如玦、如带、如规、如钩，色如鉴、如琅玕、如绿沉瓜，窈然深碧，潆回城下者，皆浣花溪委也。然必至草堂，而后浣花有专名，则以少陵浣花居在焉耳。
行三四里为青羊宫，溪时远时近。竹柏苍然，隔岸阴森者尽溪，平望如荠。水木清华，神肤洞达。自宫以西，流汇而桥者三，相距各不半里。舁夫云通灌县，或所云“江从灌口来”是也。
人家住溪左，则溪蔽不时见，稍断则复见溪。如是者数处，缚柴编竹，颇有次第。桥尽，一亭树道左，署曰“缘江路”。过此则武侯祠。祠前跨溪为板桥一，覆以水槛，乃睹“浣花溪”题榜。过桥，一小洲横斜插水间如梭，溪周之，非桥不通，置亭其上，题曰“百花潭水”。由此亭还度桥，过梵安寺，始为杜工部祠。像颇清古，不必求肖，想当尔尔。石刻像一，附以本传，何仁仲别驾署华阳时所为也。碑皆不堪读。
钟子曰：杜老二居，浣花清远，东屯险奥，各不相袭。严公不死，浣溪可老，患难之于朋友大矣哉！然天遣此翁增夔门一段奇耳。穷愁奔走，犹能择胜，胸中暇整，可以应世，如孔子微服主司城贞子时也。
时万历辛亥十月十七日，出城欲雨，顷之霁。使客游者，多由监司郡邑招饮，冠盖稠浊，磬折喧溢，迫暮趣归。是日清晨，偶然独往。楚人钟惺记。
浣花溪记译文及注释
译文
出成都城南门，左边是万里桥。向西折行的细而美、长而弯，所见像套连的圈儿、像开口的玉环、像带子、像圆规、像弯钩、水色像明镜、像碧玉、像浓绿色的瓜，深幽幽的呈现一派青碧色、在城下回旋着的，都是浣花溪水流聚的地方。然而一定要到草堂一带，然后才有“浣花溪”这一专门名称，这是因为杜甫的浣花故居在那儿罢了。
行走三、四里就到了青羊宫。溪流一会儿远，一会儿近。青竹翠柏郁郁葱葱，显得对岸浓荫森森，一直延伸到溪的尽头，平望像一片荠菜。水光树色，清幽而绚丽，使人表里澄彻，神清气爽。从青羊宫往西，因溪水汇流而架设了三座桥，彼此相隔都不到半里路，轿夫说通向灌县，或者这就是所谓“江从灌口来”的说法吧。
溪东面住有人家，这时溪身便被屋舍遮住，不能常常看见；稍有空缺，溪水重又展现在眼前。象这样的情形有好几处。溪岸人家用树枝、竹条编扎成门户和篱墙，很是齐整。走尽了桥，路旁边立着一座亭子，题写着“缘江路”几个字。过了这里就到了武侯祠。祠前有一座木板桥跨越溪身，桥上有临水的栏杆覆围着，到此才看见题着“浣花溪”字样的匾额。过桥，是一片小小的陆地，象梭子那样横斜着插在水中，溪水四面环绕着它，没有桥便无法通行。小洲上面建造了一座亭子，题字为“百花潭水”。从这座亭子折回原路，走过桥经过梵安寺，这才到了杜工部祠。杜甫的像画得十分清朗古朴，不见得一定强求惟妙惟肖，但想来杜甫应当是这个模样。还有一块刻在碑石上的肖像，附着杜甫的传记，是通判何仁仲在代理华阳县令时所制作的。碑文全都没法读了。
钟惺说：杜甫的两处居所，在成都浣花溪的，环境幽远，在夔州东屯的，地方险僻，两者互不相同。假如严武不死，杜甫就可以在浣花溪畔安然度过晚年，患难时是太需要朋友了！然而是天意要派定这位老诗人添加出夔州的一段非凡表现罢了：在艰难潦倒中流离奔波，却仍能选择胜地处身；胸襟安闲从容，可以应付世事，这同孔子变换服装、客居在司城贞子家里避难时的情形是一样的啊。
其时为万历三十九年十月十七日。出城时象是要下雨，不一会儿便云开天晴了。朝廷使臣出来游玩的，大多由按察使或州县长官邀请参加饮宴，官场中人稠杂而浑浊，象石磬那般弯曲着身子打躬作揖，喧闹声充满四方。将近黄昏时分连忙回家。这天清晨，我偶然独自前往。楚人钟惺作记。
注释
浣花溪：浣花溪又称百花潭，在成都西部，唐朝大诗人杜甫曾卜居于此，并在溪畔建有草堂。
万里桥：在今四川成都市南，旧名长星桥。传说三国时蜀国费祎（yī）出使吴国，诸葛亮在这里替他饯行说：“万里之行始于此。”因此改称万里桥。
玦（jué）：似环而有缺口的玉佩。
规：画圆形的工具。这里指圆弧。
色如鉴、如琅玕、如绿沉瓜：颜色像镜子，像美丽的石头，像绿沉瓜。鉴，镜子。琅玕，美石，诗人多以青琅玕来比竹。绿沈瓜，一种深绿色的瓜，史载梁武帝西苑食绿沉瓜。
窈（yǎo）然：幽深的样子。
潆（yíng）回：水流回旋的样子。
委：江河下游。
草堂：杜甫寓居成都时，曾在浣花溪畔盖了一所草堂。
少陵：指杜甫，他在诗中自称“少陵野老”。浣花居，在浣花溪的住宅，就是草堂。
青羊宫：道观名，在今四川成都市西南浣花溪附近。传说是老子与关尹喜相约会见的地方，明初蜀王朱椿重建。
苍然：幽深碧绿的样子。
平望如荠：平望过去，树木像荠菜一样。平望，平视。
水木清华：水光树色清幽美丽。
神肤洞达：指清新舒爽。
流汇而桥者三：溪水所流经的桥有三座。
舁（yú）夫：抬轿子的人。舁，抬。
灌县：今四川灌县。
江从灌口来：这是杜甫《野望固过常少仙》中的诗句。江，指锦江。锦江发源于郫县，流经成都城南，是岷江的支流。岷江发源于岷山羊膊岭，从灌县东南流经成都附近，纳锦江。故上文说“通灌县”。灌口，灌县古为灌口镇，西北有灌口山。
缚柴编竹：用柴竹做门墙。
武侯祠：诸葛亮祠，因其生前为武乡侯，故称。
水槛：临水的栏杆。
梵安寺：在今成都市南，本名浣花寺，宋改梵安寺，因与杜甫草堂相近，俗称草堂寺。
杜工部祠：宋人吕大防就杜甫草堂故址建祠，因杜甫曾任工部员外郎，称杜工部祠。
想当尔尔：谓想象中的杜甫大概是这个样子。尔尔，如此。
何仁仲：万历时为夔州通判。别驾，即通判。
严公：指严武。杜甫漂泊四川，依镇守成都的严武，在浣花溪构筑草堂，安居了几年。代宗永泰元年(765)四月，严武死，杜甫离开成都，准备出川。
暇整：即“好整以暇”，形容遇事从容不迫。《左传·成公十六年》：“日臣之使于楚也，子重问晋国之勇，臣对曰：‘好以众整。’曰：‘又何如？’臣对曰：‘好以暇。’”
万历辛亥：万历三十九年(1611)。
顷之霁(jì)：一会儿天晴了。霁，天放晴。
使客：朝廷派的使臣。
监司：监察州郡的官。
磬折：弯腰敬礼的情状。
趣（cù）：同“促”，急速。
楚人：竟陵战国时为楚地，因此钟惺自称楚人。
参考资料：
1、李世跃,，谢康．青年必读古文手册．北京：中国青年出版社，2011年：403-404
2、董义连．中国历代散文精选读本．北京：中国书籍出版社，2010年：325-326
浣花溪记创作背景
唐肃宗乾元二年（759年）冬天，杜甫由同谷（今甘肃成县）流亡到成都，借住在浣花溪边的草堂寺里。中进士后，授官行人司行人的钟惺于万历三十九年（1611年）奉命使蜀，当年十月到达成都。作者在游览成都浣花溪杜工部祠后，于十月十七日写了这篇《浣花溪记》。
参考资料：
1、黎瑛 等．大学语文（第二版）．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2013年：116
浣花溪记鉴赏
《浣花溪记》一文记述了作者游览浣花溪和杜甫草堂的经历。文章以浣花溪为线索，主要写溪，兼及他物。作者是以自己的游踪所至展开描写的，由于其沿溪而下最后走到杜工部祠，所以文章随着溪流的宛转逶迤一步步将读者引入胜境。全文可分为三个部分：第一部分自开篇起到“则以少陵浣花居在焉耳”止，写浣花溪的地理位置、溪流走向、景色概貌及享有盛名的缘由；第二部分，从“行三四里”至“如孔子微服主司城贞子时也”，记叙游览浣花溪的所见、所闻、所感；第三部分，从“时万历辛亥十月十七日”至篇末，交代游览的时间、天气和作者与世人不同的游览境况。作者在写景中，蕴含着对杜甫处于穷愁奔走之际仍能择胜而居的崇敬，寄托了自己卑视庸俗礼教，追求清闲自适的情怀。
文章第一段，是作者对浣花溪的总体印象。作者从浣花溪的方位落笔，接着以“西折纤秀长曲”总写溪水的流向和形状。进而用“如连环、如玦、如带、如规、如钩”五个比喻，极写纵目所见溪流的曲折多变，生动地描绘溪流的形状。而后又以“鉴”“琅玕”“绿沉瓜”喻溪水，展现了它清澈透明、莹然如镜而又澄碧柔美的特点。作者穷形尽相地描写溪水的形状和颜色，引起读者多方面的联想。接着作者把笔锋转到视点近处，对“长曲”下游给予概括描写：“窈然深碧，潆回城下者，皆浣花溪委也”，至此才点出浣花溪的名字。这句话收束并紧承前文的比喻，分别从颜色和形状两方面着笔，最后双承一收，句法错综而行文严密，描绘出一幅完整而丰富的图景。接着，用“然”承上文“皆浣花溪委也”作一转折，作者特地强调浣花溪与杜甫草堂的关系。这一精当的议论，褒扬了杜甫的名望，为后文的进一步议论作铺垫。
第二段，作者把笔墨落到浣花溪附近的青羊宫，写随溪前行所见之景。“溪时远时近”，从空间感觉上写溪水的曲折迂回；“竹柏苍然，隔岸阴森者尽溪”，描写岸上竹柏成荫，苍然一片，隔岸而望，黑郁郁的几乎沿溪尽是；“平望如荠”，形容树木在远望中犹如小草一般，与唐代诗人孟浩然的“天边树若芥”意蕴相近。“水木清华，神肤洞达”，总写两句，表现浣花溪山光水色的清幽秀丽，增添了文章情趣。杜甫在穷愁奔走中犹能择此胜地而居，这样旷达的襟怀令人钦佩不已。这一段描写青羊宫附近的浣花溪景色，视野空阔。
第三段介绍浣花溪的源流，但仅从轿夫口中侧面点出，一笔带过，作为传闻之辞。而重点写溪旁人家，错落有致，景色如画。凡有人家住处，溪流就被遮挡；一到没有人家的空阔出，溪流又呈现在视野之中，“如是者数处”，写出人家错落和溪流掩映的情状，于溪水的隐现中抒发了愉悦之情，颇有风致。“缚柴编竹，颇有次第”两句以工整的句式描写临溪人家的风貌，展现出其乡野淳朴之趣，成为沿溪景致的点缀。随后，作者一一交代沿溪的“缘江路”亭、武侯祠、“浣花溪”题榜等古迹。抵达此行的目的地杜甫祠堂后，作者不再着力写水，转而描写这座建于宋代的杜工部祠。作者未对其作浓墨重彩的描摹，写祠中的画像，仅以“清古”二字传其风神，以求与溪之清逸相协调。这一段介绍浣花溪、杜甫祠，意在为写杜甫及由此引发的感慨蓄势。
第四段中，作者直抒胸臆，叙说杜甫“穷愁奔走”之事，以此反映杜甫在穷困之时依然忧国忧民的伟大精神，突出杜甫幽恬渊静的人格与从容的风度。行文至此，作者对杜甫的敬仰、爱慕跃然纸上，凸显了文章主题。
最后一段，交代出游的时间和经过。作者厌恶世俗的应酬，清早独自探访杜甫草堂，正是其高洁自持情怀的体现。文末用自己“偶然独往”同“使客游者”的附庸风雅、冠盖喧哗相比照，表达了作者对附庸风雅的达官显贵的嘲讽和鄙视，从另一个侧面也表现出作者对杜甫的敬仰和对浣花胜地的热爱。并衬之以“是日清晨，偶然独往”，烘托出作者的孤独之感。
这篇文章结构紧凑，线索清晰，作者以浣花溪为主线把所观所感贯穿其中。最后两段，以“钟子曰”发感想，实仿古辞赋篇末乱辞之例；记出游时日及缘起并具名，实仿唐宋古文家游记体例。这两段体现出作者对人生境界的思考。文中写景，善用比喻、白描，其语言显示了竟陵派散文的独特风格。
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邓牧《
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雪窦游志》
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下一首：
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陆游《
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过小孤山大孤山》
钟惺简介
唐代·钟惺的简介
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钟惺(1574～1624) 明代文学家。字伯敬，号退谷，湖广竟陵（今湖北天门市）人。万历三十八年（1610）进士。曾任工部主事，万历四十四年（1616）与林古度登泰山。后官至福建提学佥事。不久辞官归乡，闭户读书，晚年入寺院。其为人严冷，不喜接俗客，由此得谢人事，研读史书。他与同里谭元春共选《唐诗归》和《古诗归》(见《诗归》)，名扬一时，形成“竟陵派”，世称“钟谭”。
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