白洋潮
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
明代]：张岱
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 139
故事，三江看潮，实无潮看。午后喧传曰：“今年暗涨潮。”岁岁如之。
庚辰八月，吊朱恒岳少师至白洋，陈章侯、祁世培同席。海塘上呼看潮，余遄往，章侯、世培踵至。
立塘上，见潮头一线，从海宁而来，直奔塘上。稍近，则隐隐露白，如驱千百群小鹅擘翼惊飞。渐近，喷沫溅花，蹴起如百万雪狮，蔽江而下，怒雷鞭之，万首镞镞，无敢后先。再近，则飓风逼之，势欲拍岸而上。看者辟易，走避塘下。潮到塘，尽力一礴，水击射，溅起数丈，著面皆湿。旋卷而右，龟山一挡，轰怒非常，炝碎龙湫，半空雪舞。看之惊眩，坐半日，颜始定。
先辈言：浙江潮头，自龛、赭两山漱激而起。白洋在两山外，潮头更大，何耶？
白洋潮译文及注释
译文
旧例，在三江镇看潮，其实没有潮水可以看。午后有人盛传道：“今年是暗涨潮！”年年像这样。
庚辰年八月，(我)到白洋祭奠朱恒岳少师，与陈章侯、祁世培坐在一桌。忽然，海塘上有人高叫看潮了，我迅速前往去看，章侯、世培接踵而至。
站在塘上，远远地看见潮头像一条线，从海宁奔腾而来，一直到塘上。渐渐靠近了一点，就隐隐约约露出白色，如同驱赶千百群小鹅张开翅膀拍水飞迸。潮水越来越近，喷出水沫溅起水花，涌起的潮水像百万头雄狮，遮蔽了大江奔流而下，好像有怒雷鞭打它们一样，百万头雪狮攒聚在一起，没有一头不争先恐后的。再近些，潮头像飓风一样逼来，水势将要拍打着岸而上。看的人惊慌后退，跑着躲避到岸下。潮到塘上，尽力一撞，水花冲击射开，溅起几丈高，地面都被打湿了。潮水旋转着向右而去，被龟山挡住了，轰隆隆十分愤怒，龙湫之水像炒菜一样翻滚不止，雪白的浪花在半空中飞舞。看了让人惊吓眩目，坐了好一会儿，脸色才镇定下来。
先辈说：“浙江的潮头，从龛，赭两座山冲刷激荡而起。白洋在这两座山之外，潮头却更大，这是为什么呢？”
注释
选自《陶庵梦忆》，张岱（1597-1679），字宗子，号陶庵，别号蝶庵居士，山阴（今浙江沼兴）人。明末清初的散文家、史学家，其著作有《石匮书》、《琅嬛文集》、《西湖梦寻》等。白洋，山名，在绍兴西北，滨海。
故事：旧例，旧俗。
三江：俗名三江口，在绍兴市东北40里浮山北麓。
实：实际上。
喧传：喧闹流传。
庚辰：明崇祯十三年（1640）。
吊朱恒岳少师：朱恒岳即朱燮元（1566-1638），字衡岳（一作恒岳），浙江绍兴人。万历二十年进士，历官大理评事、四川左布政使、兵部尚书等，因有功，加少保。崇祯中进少师。死在官任上，谥号襄毅。吊，祭奠死者。
陈章侯、祁世培：陈洪绶，字章侯，号老莲，晚号悔迟。浙江诸暨人。明清之际著名画家。祁世培，字海槎。两人均是作者的朋友。
海塘：堤岸。
遄（chuán）：急速。
踵（zhǒng）至：接踵而至，跟着到。踵，脚后跟。
海宁：浙江属县，南临杭州湾，是观潮胜地。
擘（bò）翼：张开翅膀。
蹴（cù）起：蹦跳。
鞭：用鞭子打。
镞镞（zú）：同“簇簇”，攒（cuán）聚之貌。形容浪头聚集涌动的样子。
势：水势。
辟（pì）：同“避”，躲避（文中读bì）。辟易：惊退。
礴：通“薄”，逼迫。这里有撞击的意思。
著：同“着”，穿着（读zhuó）。
旋：立刻，马上。
龟山：即白洋山，又名乌风山，在绍兴西北50里，滨海。
炮碎龙湫：指龙湫之水像炒菜一样翻滚不止。龙湫（qiū）：雁荡山瀑布。这句是说潮水像雁荡山的龙湫 瀑布轰碎了。
颜：脸色，面色。
龛（kān）、赭（zhě）：龛山在萧山东南，赭山在海宁西南，二山对峙，扼钱塘江入海口。
非常：不同寻常。
漱激：冲刷激荡。
何耶：为什么呢。何，疑问代词“为什么”，耶，语气助词，相当于“吗”“呢”。
岁岁：年年。
之：这样暗涨潮的现象。
溅：飞溅，溅起。
飓风：像飓风。
碎：击碎。
白洋潮鉴赏
文章思路
写大潮水。很有层次，是作者感觉中的层次：首先是，视觉由远渐近。先是“潮头一线”，起得平实，此其一。稍近，则“隐隐露白”，渐渐增加了形容：“如驱千百群小鹅，擘翼惊飞。”此其二。再近，则“渐近，喷沫溅花，蹴起如百万雪狮，蔽江而下，怒雷鞭之，万首镞镞，无敢后先。”此其三。很明显，作者采取层层推进的办法，用墨越来越浓，形容语越来越密。到了第四层次，作者笔锋一转，从潮水转到“飓风逼之”。
写作特点
学习本文运用熟悉的事物作比喻，以及描写观者的表现来烘托白洋潮的写作方法。掌握文中字词，熟读课文，提高阅读能力和欣赏能力。首先，文章从三个方面的效果来写飓风。先是观者退避，这是从行为效果上表现潮水。接着写到潮水使人“着面皆湿”，这是从观潮者的感觉效果上表现潮水。再后是观潮者“看之惊眩，坐半日，颜始定。”这是从观潮者的心理效果上表现潮水。这样的潮水，已经是很惊人的了；文章在强度上，在手段上，已经做足了。但是，作家又留下了一笔：推想，在白洋山以外，还可能更为壮观。文章已经结束了，而读者的想象却没有结束。这就叫做回味，留下余音。
文章层次
一介绍看潮的故事
二介绍看潮的原因
三介绍看潮的经过
四提出对白洋潮的疑问
结尾
⒈以疑问句结尾语气比较强烈，内容与开头的“三江看潮，实无潮看”形成对比，不仅表达了作者对白洋潮的壮美的赞叹之情，而且给读者留下了广阔的想象空间，引人探索原因。
⒉白洋潮中作者多次从观潮者的角度来描写，这样写的作用是什么？
这样写的作用是从侧面衬托出白洋潮的声势和力量，使人如闻其声，如见其行。
3.本文与周密的《观潮》都是写浙江之潮，他们在写作内容方面有何不同？
本文只记叙了作者在白洋村海塘观潮全过程，但是并没有对“海军演习”和“吴儿弄潮”进行描写。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 192
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 201
李峤《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 201
人日侍宴大明宫恩赐彩缕人胜应制》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 216
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 225
苏轼《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 225
游兰溪》
张岱简介
唐代·张岱的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 245
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 246
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 246
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 246
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 251
张岱（1597年～1679年）又名维城，字宗子，又字石公，号陶庵、天孙，别号蝶庵居士，晚号六休居士，汉族，山阴(今浙江绍兴)人。寓居杭州。出生仕宦世家，少为富贵公子，精于茶艺鉴赏，爱繁华，好山水，晓音乐，戏曲，明亡后不仕，入山著书以终。张岱为明末清初文学家、史学家，其最擅长散文，著有《琅嬛文集》《陶庵梦忆》《西湖梦寻》《三不朽图赞》《夜航船》等绝代文学名著。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 300
赠程洁庵五首 其三
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 303
元代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 304
李道纯
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 322
庵儿洁净元无物，只个琼蟾养在中。功备炼成三五一，光辉南北与西东。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 300
木兰花慢 庆翰长八十
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 303
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 304
胡祗＊
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 322
应飞熊佳兆，年共德，两俱高。论少日才名，遐龄劲节，合擅中朝。文章在公余事，快笔端、云海□风涛。四海名卿奇士，百年齐入钧陶。笑将经济让儿曹。万事一秋毫。享内相尊荣，金莲画烛，宫锦朝袍。投壶雅歌文会，尽百杯、春色醉仙桃。好为升平强健，宾从东岱南郊。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 300
御赐圆通禅寺后以诗寄善世全室
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 303
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 304
蒲庵禅师
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 322
龙河再镇感皇情，倡道从来属老成。
睹史夜摩皆听法，震丹竺国总知名。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 300
上周少保
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 303
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 304
刘过
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 322
早被儒冠误，衣稀老更侵。
科名数行泪，岐路一生心。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 300
奇台
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 303
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 304
史善长
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 322
远树千堆合，平沙万井开。山通南北套，地接上中台。
日落明驼走，风声驿骑来。紫狐求不易，高阁且徘徊。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 300
贺广东漕使黄郎中生朝
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 303
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 304
曾丰
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 322
紫石仙翁骨道清，丹成往往步步轻。
黄石仙翁道眼明，书成往往字字精。