三月十七日夜醉中作
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宋代]：陆游
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前年脍鲸东海上，白浪如山寄豪壮；
今年摧颓最堪笑，华发苍颜羞自照。
逆胡未灭心未平，孤剑床头铿有声。
破驿梦回灯欲死，打窗风雨正三更。
三月十七日夜醉中作译文及注释
译文
前些年在东海遨游，切细鲸鱼肉做羹汤，眼前是如山白浪，激起我豪情万丈。
去年在终南山下射虎，半夜里回营，漫天大雪积满了我的貂裘。
今年摧丧颓废真令人发笑，花白的头发，苍老的容颜，使人羞于取镜一照。
谁能料到喝醉了酒还能作出狂态，脱帽露顶，向着人大喊大叫。
金虏还没消灭我的怒气不会平静，那把挂在床头上的宝剑也发出铿然的响声。
破败的驿站里一觉醒来灯火黯淡欲灭，风雨吹打着窗户，天气约摸是半夜三更。
注释
“前年”二句：前年，指前些年。陆游在绍兴三十年（1160）官宁德主簿，曾在福州泛海。有《航海》、《海中醉题》等诗。脍（kuài）鲸，把鲸鱼肉切碎。
“去年”二句：乾道八年（1172），陆游佐王炎军幕，驻陕西南郑，积极筹划北伐。他在军中常参加打猎，曾刺虎，有多首诗谈到打虎事。南山，终南山。貂裘，貂皮制成的衣裘。
摧颓：摧丧颓废，精神不振。
堪笑：可笑。
华发：花白头发。
苍颜：苍老的容颜。
“脱帽”句：写酒后狂态。杜甫《饮中八仙歌》：“张旭三杯草圣传，脱帽露顶王公前。”
逆胡：旧称侵扰中原地区的北方少数民族。
铿：金属撞击声。
破驿：破败的驿站。
梦回：从梦中醒来。
灯欲死：灯光微弱，即将熄灭。
三更：指半夜十一时至翌晨一时。
参考资料：
1、陆游．陆游经典作品选．重庆：西南师范大学出版社，1995年6月版：第23页
三月十七日夜醉中作创作背景
乾道九年（1173）的初春，陆游在成都安抚使的衙门中，担任着参议官的名义，这是一个空衔，公事是没有的，正如他自已所说的“冷官无一事，日日得闲游”。他的时光多半消磨在酒肆和歌院当中。
三月十七日夜醉中作鉴赏
诗前六句怀念过去，回视今日。诗说前些年在白浪如山的东海中遨游，把鲸鱼肉切细了做鱼羹；去年在南山射虎，晚上归来，雪满貂裘。这回忆过去的四句，脍鲸事是虚写，打虎事是实写，句子十分豪壮，气魄很雄伟。写白浪、急雪，都寄托了自己勇往直前的大无畏精神。这样的胸襟气魄，与他志灭金虏、向往收复失土紧密相连，读后很容易使人联想到辛弃疾所赋的“壮词”《破阵子》“醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。八百里分麾下炙，五十弦翻塞外声”那样雄壮的场面。陆游与辛弃疾表达的都是实施报国杀敌行动的热忱，也都流露时光流逝，一事无成的感慨。正因为前年、去年的生活都过得很有意义，尤其是去年在南郑，地处前沿，更符合他杀敌立功的抱负，此较下来，更加显得今年的不堪。他想到自己已年近五十，容颜苍老，颓唐失意，感到非常愁闷。“最堪笑”、“羞自照”是自我解嘲，中间埋藏着无限的不平与感伤。祖国的前途如何？自己的前途又如何？他痛苦地求索着。
于是，诗人借酒消愁，醉后，满腔的疾愤都喷发了出来。表面上，他惊诧自己居然酒后能狂，脱略形骸，然而透视他的内心，这不是醉醺醺的狂态。其实诗人是在凭藉醉酒，抒发心中强烈的不平，痛恨国家恢复无策，坐失良机，正如下面所说的，是“逆胡未灭心未平”，自己也同“孤剑床头铿有声”。这两句正面的叙述，正是诗人慷慨的誓词，与他在《长歌行》中所说的“国仇未报壮士老，匣中宝剑夜有声”相同，都表现了赴沙场杀敌的渴望及蹉跎岁月的苦闷。
最后，诗人酒醒了，身在破败的驿站里，梦觉后，眼前是黯淡的灯光，窗外是风声雨声。这两句写得低沉郁闷，是写景，也是抒情。那昏昏灯火，那凄厉的风雨声，更使诗人心中扰乱不堪，更何况，这半夜的风雨，在诗人刚才的梦中，正像他在《十一月四日风雨大作》中所述“夜阑卧听风吹雨，铁马冰河入梦来”。
这首诗充分反映了陆游胸中所存的一段不可磨灭的杀敌锐气，以及英雄失路、托足无门的伤悲，因此诗写得跌宕奇崛，似狂似悲。忽而豪气奋发，如江水流入三峡，气势雄伟；忽而忧愁苦闷，如寡妇夜哭，哀哀欲绝。诗在用韵上也与内容密切配合，十二句诗换了四个韵，节奏感很强。
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李白《
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独漉篇》
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陆游《
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关山月》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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明代：
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刘基
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不学周南咏小星，空悲玉殿锁娉婷。黄金漫买相如赋，犹胜无辜送掖庭。