琴茶
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唐代]：白居易
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兀兀寄形群动内，陶陶任性一生间。
自抛官后春多梦，不读书来老更闲。
穷通行止常相伴，难道吾今无往还？
琴茶鉴赏
白居易晚年辞去刑部侍郎的官职，赋闲东都，做《琴茶》一诗，表达了诗人“达则兼济天下，穷则独善其身”的观点。
首联写自己天性开朗，旷达洒脱，与官场中的风气相悖，故寄身官场屡受排挤。
“抛官”即辞官，退隐之后无早朝之扰，尽可春眠；年事已高，再无为搏功名而读诗书之累，更觉逍遥自在。次联极写赋闲后的惬意之状。
三联起句写琴，《渌水》古琴曲，为诗人之所爱。诗人精通音律，曾有《听弹古渌水》诗云：“闻君古渌水，使我心和平。欲识漫流意，为听疏泛声。西窗竹阳下，竟日有余清。”可知诗人提此曲是为了表明平和心境；次句写茶，“故旧”老朋友、旧相识。“蒙山”指蒙山茶，产于雅州名山县（今属四川），蒙顶山区，相传西汉年间，吴理真禅师亲手在蒙顶上清峰甘露寺植仙茶七株，饮之可成地仙。诗人举此茶，以表明自己超然的思想。
但诗人毕竟是标准的儒家子弟，他的辞官亦并非完全出自本心，看到唐王朝日益加剧的矛盾，各种弊端的呈现，他的忠君爱国之心无法掩饰，故此在尾联他仍表达了自己壮志难酬的感叹和欲展宏图的期望。“穷通行止”，这里的“穷”指报国无路，“通”指才华得施，“行”指政见得用，“止”指壮志难酬。乐天的《江南谪居十韵》“壮志徒许国，薄命不如人。才展凌云志，俄成出水鳞。葵枝犹向日，蓬断即辞春……行藏与通塞，一切任陶均”正是这句诗的最好注释。末句表达了诗人想返回长安为国效力的愿望，但诗人至终亦未能再进西京，令人感叹。
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杜甫《
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为农》
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欧阳修《
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六一居士传》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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