止酒
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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居止次城邑，逍遥自闲止。
坐止高荫下，步止荜门里。
好味止园葵，大懽止稚子。
平生不止酒，止酒情无喜。
暮止不安寝，晨止不能起。
日日欲止之，营卫止不理。
徒知止不乐，未知止利己。
始觉止为善，今朝真止矣。
从此一止去，将止扶桑涘。
清颜止宿容，奚止千万祀。
止酒译文及注释
译文
我家住在城市附近，逍遥自得十分悠闲。
闲坐在高树浓阴之下，散步也只在柴门里边。
好味道不过是园中的葵菜，大高兴也只有稚子承欢。
平生不肯停止饮酒，停止饮酒将会心里闷烦。
晚上停饮就不得安睡，早上停饮就起床迟延。
天天都想停止饮酒，停止了气血经脉将会虚孱。
只知道停止饮酒就不快乐，不知道停止了好处多端。
开始觉得停止饮酒是件好事，今天才真正与酒绝缘。
从此一直这样停止下去，将停止在扶桑树生长的水边。
清朗的脸容停止在年轻的模样，何止一千年一万年。
注释
止酒：停止饮酒，即戒酒。止：已，停止的意思。
居止次：家住在。居止：居住。次：舍止之处。
闲：闲静。止：句末助词。一说闲止即闲居，家居无事之意。
荜（bì）门：犹柴门。荜，同“筚”，用荆条或竹子编成的篱笆或其他遮拦物。这两句是说，坐歇在高树荫下，步行限于柴门之内。
止园葵：只有园中的葵菜。
大懽（huān）：最大的欢快、乐趣。止稚子：莫过于和幼儿在一起。懽：同“欢”。
营卫：气血经脉与御病机能。中国古代医学认为营和卫是维持、调节人体机能的两大要素。营指由饮食中吸收的营养物质，有生化血液，营养周身的作用。卫指人体抗御病邪侵入的机能。止：止酒。不理：不调理，不调顺。
将止：将到。扶桑涘（sì）：指神仙所居之处。扶桑：古人认为是日出之处。涘：水边。
清颜止宿容：谓停到清癯的仙颜代替旧日的容貌。宿容：平素的模样。
奚止：何止。祀（sì）：年。
参考资料：
1、龚 望．陶渊明集评议．天津：南开大学出版社，2011：69-70
2、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：171-173
止酒创作背景
此诗大约作于东晋元兴元年（402年），为陶渊明闲居时所作，当时陶渊明三十八岁。此诗与《和郭主簿二首》创作时间相近。这时陶渊明住在上京里（今江西九江市郊）老家，家境尚有略见优裕的底子。估计是亲人再三劝其戒酒，陶渊明也“决心”戒酒，便写了此诗。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：171-173
止酒鉴赏
陶渊明可以辞官，可以守穷，但不可一日无酒，饮酒是他一生中最大的嗜好。所以对于他来说，停止饮酒将是十分痛苦的事情。但陶渊明却以幽默诙谐的语言，说明自己对于酒的依恋和将要戒酒的打算。诗中每句用一“止”字，读来风趣盎然，具有民歌的情调。
这首诗大意并不难懂，总体来说是因为饮酒伤身，要“止酒”（戒酒）罢了。但这首诗的“止”字解释起来还真麻烦，如果全按“停止”（戒除）解释，“好味止园葵，大欢止稚子”这四句就解释不通了。“止”古代还有一个意思，就是“止于”，说得直白点，就是“停留在……上面”，那么“高荫”“荜门”“园葵”“稚子”就是都渊明乐意停留在这上面了。但按这个意思解释后面“止酒”又解释不通了。因为“徒知止不乐，未知止利己”，这两句明显是说“只知道戒了酒不爽快，但不知道戒了酒对自己又好处”。看来这篇中的“止”字，还是前后分成两个意思的。
另外，这首诗在形式上有个特点，每句都带一个“止”字。朱自清先生推测此体早已有之。既然早有此体，就应该有所留传。但在陶渊明此诗之前，又没有例子流传下来。这未免让人对朱自清的推测难以信服。清代陈祚明和吴瞻泰都认为这种每句中含有同一字的写法是陶渊明开创的。即使如朱自清所说，此前已有此体，陶也当是此体较早的作者之一。当然这种写法被后人发扬广大了。明代薄命才女贺双卿，有一首《春从天上来·饷耕》，就是这种诗词极至。
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王维《
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田园乐七首·其六》
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孙光宪《
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浣溪沙·桃杏风香帘幕闲》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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