山坡羊·江山如画
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元代]：陈草庵
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江山如画，茅檐低厦，妇蚕缫婢织红奴耕稼。务桑麻，捕鱼虾。渔樵见了无别话，三国鼎分牛继马。兴，休羡他。亡，休羡他。
山坡羊·江山如画译文及注释
译文
江山像图画一样美丽，几间低矮的茅屋，妇女在养蚕缫丝，婢女在纺织缝纫，家奴在耕种庄稼。操持桑麻，捕捉鱼虾，渔民樵夫相见没有别的话，随便讲讲三国鼎立、分分合合，管他谁胜谁负。兴旺了，不用羡慕他；衰亡了，也不必怜惜他。
注释
蚕缫：养蚕与抽收茧丝。织红：纺织与缝纫刺绣。耕稼：耕田与播种谷物。
务：经营。桑麻：农作物的泛称。
牛继马：晋朝司马氏开国初，西柳谷出土一石，上有图画及“牛继马后”的谶语。这里借指历史上王朝的更迭与嬗变。
山坡羊·江山如画鉴赏
马致远在《哨遍》套数中说：“有一片冻不死衣，有一口饿不死食，贫无烦恼知闲贵。譬如风浪乘舟去，争似田园拂袖归。”又在《四块玉·叹世》中写道：“佐国心，孥云手，命里无时莫刚求，随时过遣休生受。几叶绵，一片绸，暖后休。”可见元代归田隐居的文人，生活条件未必优裕，得免饥馁已属满足。而贯云石《水仙子·田家》四首，一首写到“布袍草履耐风寒，茅舍疏篱三两间”，另一首却说是“田翁无梦到长安，婢织奴耕仅我闲”。看来元散曲铺张归隐后“田家乐”的种种富足，既是出于愤世嫉俗的需要，也不无画饼充饥的理想意味。本曲自然也不能免俗。
作品的序络十分明晰。从“江山如画”的大背景叙出住所，再写住所中成员的日常劳作，“耕稼”引出“桑麻”，“鱼虾”引出“渔樵”——列叙生活的家常。有奴有婢，丰衣足食，符合“闲适”题材散曲的模式。独具一格的是下半的结尾。“三国鼎分牛继马”是豪辣老到的俊语。在一连串不动声色的平静叙述中，忽来此奇兀一句，顿生倔强之文气，既展现了主人的避世身份，也使隐藏在隐居生活背后的感慨牢骚之情跃然跳出。于闲适的表象下不时伺机喷发出愤世的岩浆，是元散曲这类隐世题材作品常用的模式，有力地证明了它们其实是“叹世”、“警世”之作的一种变相。
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苏轼《
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哨遍·为米折腰》
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戚继光《
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登盘山绝顶》
陈草庵简介
唐代·陈草庵的简介
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陈草庵（1245——约1330），名英，字彦卿，号草庵，大都（今北京市）人，生平事迹不详，元代散曲作家。曾任监察御史，中丞等职。现存小令二十六首。元·钟嗣成《录鬼簿》称其“陈草庵中丞”，名列前辈名公之中。孙楷第《元曲家考略》以为陈草庵名英，曾任宣抚，延初拜河南省左丞。门岿继考其人，名英，字彦卿，号草庵，析津（今北京）人。元代张养浩《云庄类稿》卷九《析津陈氏先茔墓碑铭》引陈英自述，叙其家世及任职历程甚详（见《元曲百家纵论》第七三页），可备一说。其存曲多愤世嫉俗之作。
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