念奴娇·我来牛渚
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宋代]：吴渊
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我来牛渚，聊登眺、客里襟怀如豁。谁著危亭当此处，占断古今愁绝。江势鲸奔，山形虎踞，天险非人设。向来舟舰，曾扫百万胡羯。
追念照水然犀，男儿当似此，英碓豪杰。岁月匆匆留不住，鬓已星星堪镊。云暗江天，烟昏淮地，是断魂时节。栏干捶碎，酒狂忠愤俱发。
念奴娇·我来牛渚译文及注释
译文
我客游牛渚山，登高远眺，顿觉心胸开阔。高高的然犀亭耸立于此，占尽古往今来多少登临之士的愁闷。采石矶畔的江水如巨鲸般奔腾翻滚，岸上的山岩如猛虎盘距，地势险要，实为阻击敌人的一道天然屏障。当年正是在这里，我军战舰将来犯的金兵彻底击溃，大获全胜。当年的名将温峤平定了苏峻叛乱，屡立战功，曾在牛渚矶燃犀照水。
今天的好男儿，就应该像他那样，才能算得上是英雄豪杰。时光匆匆流逝，转眼问鬓发已经斑白，朝朝镊又生。今日倚栏凝伫，但见江上云笼雾锁，一片昏暗，令人哀伤至极。我借酒浇愁，醉后不觉将栏干捶碎，满腔忠愤于此得以尽情宣泄。
注释
牛渚（zhǔ）：在今安徽马鞍山市长江东岸，下临长江，突出江中处为采石矶，风光绮丽，形势险峻，自古为兵家必争之地。
聊：姑且。
著：矗立。此处指建造。 危亭：与下文的照水然（同“燃”）犀，是同一典故，后人常用“燃犀”来形容洞察奸邪。
胡羯（jié）：指金兵。
星星：形容头发花白稀落。 镊：拔除。
断魂：形容极其哀伤。
参考资料：
1、刘石主编；清华大学《宋词鉴赏大辞典》编写组编．宋词鉴赏大辞典：中华书局，2011：1202
2、夏于全主编．唐诗宋词 第十七卷 宋词：北方妇女儿童出版社，2006：53
念奴娇·我来牛渚创作背景
作者登临古代战地牛渚山，见山川形势险要，想到此次胜利对人们的鼓舞，心胸大为舒畅。但转念自己年纪已老，又缺少像温峤那样的人物来扭转当时忧患重重的政局，致使前方形势依然险恶，不禁悲愤交集，遂作此词。
参考资料：
1、李晓丽．国人必读宋词手册：上海科学技术文献出版社，2012：325
念奴娇·我来牛渚鉴赏
这是一首抒发爱国之情的词篇。
登高是中国古代文学作品的常见主题，登高远眺可使人，胸怀豁然开朗。如果所登之处是历史上著名的古迹，所生感慨就更为深广。此词即是。在著名的争战之地牛渚山，作者登临山顶高高的然犀亭，纵览长江天险，不禁心胸霍然敞开。一个“豁”字，极形象地展示了作者目游万里，神驰今古，内心开朗畅快的情状，直贯以下七句。牛渚山在今安徽当涂县西北，下临长江，其山脚突入江中处，名采石矶，为长江最狭长之处，形势险要，自古为南北战争必争之地。据其意记载，后汉孙策渡江攻刘繇，晋王浑取吴，梁候景渡江入建康，隋济江破陈，宋曹彬渡江取南唐，都是从牛渚山采石矶处攻进的。作者登临怀古，往事千端，纷纷涌上心头，不禁问道：是谁在此山顶高处盖了然犀亭，独自占有这一古往今来使人慷慨愁绝之地！
实际上，作者的真正用意并不是要追寻“著危亭”的是谁，而是要以此向人们提问：“占断”这一古今愁绝之地、主宰祖国山川绝胜的人究竟是谁。是谁？词中没有回答，但下面“曾扫百万胡羯”、“英雄豪杰”却是巧妙的不答之答。“江势鲸奔”形容江面有如巨鲸奔腾。采石矶一带江面狭窄，长江顺势而下，水势汹涌湍急，有“一风微吹万舟阻”之说，足见这一带风浪之险恶，以“鲸奔”设喻，极贴切。
“山形虎踞”，形容山势雄伟险要。以上“江势”三句谓江山形胜乃是天然险峻，非人力所为。“向来舟舰，曾扫百万胡羯。”作者登临牛渚危亭，面对山川险要的形势，历史上在此地发生的战事一一涌上心头，但最念念不忘的也许就是“采石矶大捷”。宋绍兴三十一年，宋虞允文在采石矶与金主完颜亮率领的四十万大军进行殊死战斗，大获全胜。完颜亮后被部将所杀。这一战极大增强了南宋军民的信心，并成为文人念念不忘的快事。作者亲临此处，遥想当年激战的壮烈场面，怎能不生成满腔英雄豪情！
由登眺危亭——然犀亭，也令人忆起历史上有名的燃犀照水故事。传说点燃犀牛角可以洞见怪物。据《晋书。温峤传》载：“至牛渚矶，水深不可测，世云其下多怪物，峤遂毁犀角而照之。须臾，见水族覆火，奇形异状，或乘马车著赤衣者。”后来燃犀往往用以形容洞察奸邪。温峤初在北方为刘琨谋主，抵抗刘聪、石勒；南下，又与瘐亮等筹划攻灭王敦，讨伐苏峻、祖约叛乱。所以作者将他看作抵御外患、平定内乱的英雄豪杰。“追念”三句是说男儿应当象温峤那样有眼光、有谋略的英雄豪杰。可是岁月无情，壮志未酬，自己已经两鬓斑白，难以有所作为了。所以岳飞不禁忠告世人：“莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切”。但主观上有立切之志，客观环境却不允许，所以仍不免老大无成，壮志难酬。更为可叹的是，现实中又缺乏温峤式的英雄来抗击外患，革新内政。“云暗江天，烟昏淮地，是断魂时节。”三句是景语更是情语，喻指边境形势险恶与国家政局衰败，兼以表达作者对深重国难的隐忧之情。报国无门，满腔忧愤无处发泄，借洒浇愁不能自已，最后凝铸成一个将栏干捶碎、忠愤发狂的爱国者形象。结韵具有一股撼人心魄的力量。
词作者是南宋一位颇有材略的人，《宋史》本传说他“才具优长，而严酷累之”。他曾官至兵部尚书、参知政事，在任镇江知府、江西安抚使等地官方时，赈济流民，重视战备，他在词中抒发的忠愤之情，乃是南宋壮志难酬的有识之士蓄之已久的爱国激情。
这首词激昂悲愤。上片写登眺牛渚危亭，览景动情，因景抒怀，抚念昔日抗金的英雄业绩，壮怀激烈。下片换头仍从登眺着笔，由然犀触景生情，激发英雄豪志，继而叹惜流年，英雄失志，将一腔忠愤化为诗酒怒狂，酣畅淋漓地表达了南宋一代爱国志士共有的“报国欲死无战场”（《陆游》陇头水《诗句》的英雄憾恨。
全词描写的是古战场牛渚山的险景，抒发的是作者的一腔爱国豪情，由景及情，情景交融，十分自然。另外所用两个典故“扫百万胡羯”和“照水然犀”也是了无痕迹，与全词之情景融为一体。词中流露出的深沉的历史感和现实感，以及豪迈悲壮的鲜明风格极具感染力。
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吴渊《
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念奴娇·我来牛渚》
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王守仁《
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登大伾山诗》
吴渊简介
唐代·吴渊的简介
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吴渊（1190—1257年）字道父，号退庵。吴柔胜第三子，宣州宁国（今属安徽）人。约生于宋光宗绍熙初，卒于理宗宝祐五年，年约六十八岁左右。嘉定七年中进士，调建德主簿。丞相史弥远在馆中留他，将授以开化尉，他谢道：“甫得一官，何敢躁进。”弥远就不再强他。累官兵部尚书，进端明殿学士，江东安抚使、拜资政殿大学士，封金陵公，徙知福州、福建安抚使，予祠。又力战有功。拜参知政事，未几，卒。渊著有《退庵集》、《退庵词》奏议及易解，《宋史本传》传于世。
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皇甫汸
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东山辞满日，北郭送归年。驻马旌方举，鸣笳座已迁。
伤心宿草地，洒涕菊花天。赖有徐卿子，宁云似舅贤。
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题可山梅花岩
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宋代：
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张炜
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高人深欲买山居，常办栽梅养鹤图。
喜有名园邻水月，不妨清梦忆江湖。
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角招 雨后凉甚，灯下读《兰当词》，漫赋
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清代：
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樊增祥
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了无暑。南来几、梅风吹霁虹雨。博山烟一缕。轻度魫窗，萦带芳树。
罗衣楚楚。添半臂、泥金刚彀。玉簟龙鳞似水，仗六曲画屏风，把新寒防护。
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摘芳词·莺声寂太平时
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：
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宋一鸿
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良夜迢迢低玉绳，望双星。罗衣偷卸若为情，细叮咛。
拗住银钩红烛背，悄无声。是何意态意怦怦。问卿卿。