船下夔州郭宿雨湿不得上岸别王十二判官
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唐代]：杜甫
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依沙宿舸船，石濑月娟娟。
风起春灯乱，江鸣夜雨悬。
晨钟云外湿，胜地石堂烟。
柔橹轻鸥外，含凄觉汝贤。
船下夔州郭宿雨湿不得上岸别王十二判官译文及注释
译文
船儿傍着沙洲过夜，听到了水石相激的响声，看着美好的月色多情。
风起了，吹动灯火乱晃；雨落时，带着涛声齐鸣。
晨钟从云外传来了滋润的清音，胜景展现了在高山空旷处的烟云。
白鸥轻轻地飘浮在桨叶之外，多么可爱，我觉得它们十分柔驯。
注释
舸船：大船；此处指作者所乘之船。
石濑：水为石激形成的急流。
风起：风刮起来。
春灯：春夜的灯。
晨钟：清晨的钟声。
云外：高山之上。亦指世外。
胜地：名胜之地。
柔橹：谓操橹轻摇。亦指船桨轻划之声。
参考资料：
1、陈元生，高金波．历代长江诗选：长江文艺出版社，1993年：35-36
船下夔州郭宿雨湿不得上岸别王十二判官创作背景
此诗当作于大历元年（765）春末。当时杜甫与家人欲乘船前往夔州，将东西搬上船后，因天色已晚，便宿于云安郭外在船上过夜。当晚下了大雨，因雨湿路滑不能上岸与王十二判官作别，于是写下了这首美丽多情的小诗向这位资助他此行的友人致意。
参考资料：
1、陈元生，高金波．历代长江诗选：长江文艺出版社，1993年：35-36
船下夔州郭宿雨湿不得上岸别王十二判官鉴赏
这首诗从入夜写到天明开船，层次分明，景物描写亦精当生动，结尾用“觉汝贤”三字即写尽对王十二判官的无限留恋之情，寓意高远，含蓄隽永。
首联写石濑，写月色，写得是那样明秀。用“娟娟”二字，便把映照在山石间湍急水流上的月色的明净的美，全点染出来了。这明净的美，全都安详在宁静的氛围里。这一联与其说是写云安月色，无宁说是写对于云安的一点美好记忆。
颔联写夜雨江景。登舟时月色明丽，入夜却风雨骤起。风摇船动，船多参差，随波起伏，灯火上下游移，有如春灯点点，用一“乱”字，写尽风中灯火游移闪烁的神态。风后继之以雨，江声夹雨声，彻夜不绝。用一“悬”，写雨景，也写心境。雨本为洒落，为敲打，当然不会“悬”，“悬”是一种感觉。没完没了的雨，如悬空际。下面是滔滔江水，上面是不停的雨，一切似乎全都浸泡在水里，“悬”字最足以表现这样一种感觉情思。
颈联写清晨之所闻见。江上一夜的雨，清晨起来，两岸山峦，云雾弥漫。穿过云雾，传来了钟声；远处夔州石堂胜景隐没在烟雾里。写钟声而言“湿”。又是写感觉情思。船泊江中，寺在山上，钟声从寺中传来。穿过山上岸边的迷漾云雾，仿佛连声音也沾湿了。声而闻湿，是彻夜听雨的感觉与眼前迷漾烟雾中的钟声叠合的一种联想，是听觉向感觉的转移。
尾联写别情，也是全诗主旨所在。本拟登舟之后，再上，岸与王十二话别，因夜雨而未能如愿，只好把一种凄然别情，深藏心里，用一“觉”字，把深藏心中的对王十=的眷恋惜别表现了出来。“觉汝贤”三字。蕴含极丰，可作各种理解，或者半年云安养病。曾受到王十二的多方照顾；或者寂寞旅愁之中，曾得到王十二的亲切慰安；或者艰难之际，曾得到王十二的帮助；或者钦慕其人品，或者赏识其行事，等等，无限深情，尽在三字之中。
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杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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