菩萨蛮·新寒中酒敲窗雨
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清代]：纳兰性德
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菩萨蛮·新寒中酒敲窗雨译文及注释
译文
乍暖还寒的天气下着小雨，酒醉后残存的余香似乎也在模仿着秋天的伤感情绪。果然是在怀念远方的人啊，连眼泪都把青衫湿润了。
相思之情不胜愁苦，我一个人孤枕而眠，更觉烦闷无聊。弹指间，美好的时光一去不复返，还记得当初和你分别时，桃花千树、杨柳依依的画面，这一切多么令人怀念又惆怅啊。
注释
菩萨蛮：本唐教坊曲，后用为词牌，也用作曲牌。亦作《菩萨鬘》，又名《子夜歌》、《重叠金》等。为双调，四十四字，属小令，以五七言组成。
中酒：犹酒酣，非醉非醒之状态。
青衫：古代学子或官位卑微者所穿的衣服。
弹指：极短的时间。本为佛家语。《翻译名义集·时分》：“《僧祗》云，十二念为一瞬，二十瞬为一弹指。”
韶（sháo）光：美好的时光，此处指春光。
参考资料：
1、赵明华著．纳兰词典评：黑龙江科学技术出版社，2010.12：第43页
2、（清）纳兰性德著．纳兰词 插图本：凤凰出版社，2012.05：第75页
菩萨蛮·新寒中酒敲窗雨创作背景
这首词作于康熙年间。纳兰在百无聊赖之时，回想起初恋的情景，感慨万分，为了表达对恋人的思念之情，故作下此词。
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著．中国古典文学荟萃 纳兰词 （上册）：北京燕山出版社，2001年11月第1版：第5页
菩萨蛮·新寒中酒敲窗雨鉴赏
这首词写思念之苦。
词先由凄苦情绪写起。上片第一句，“新寒中酒敲窗雨”，“中酒”意思是喝醉酒，新寒是指寒冷冬季来临前时期，即深秋时节。“残香细袅秋情绪”，意思是说：悲秋的情绪，像一缕残香，细袅如丝，萦绕心头，窗外的秋雨，不断地敲打着窗门，也敲打着他的心扉，这两句表达了词人当时凄苦的心境。他在周围一片静寂中，望着香炉里的残烟，袅袅升起，满腹愁思，只能以酒浇愁。秋风秋雨，萧飒凄凉，搅得人愁怀似醉。“才道莫伤神，青衫湿一痕”。道出了词人心情凄苦惆怅的缘由，正是因为思念心上人。诗人以“酒”、“雨”、“烟”几样景物，构成一幅凄残景象，把抒情主人公愁肠百结、泪洒衣衫的思念之苦，巧妙而又充分地表现了出来。
下片“无聊成独卧，弹指韶光过”。指的是尽管孤枕而眠，弹指间，美好的时光一去不复返，可是思念之心却清清醒醒，他依然还清楚地回忆着春天分手时的情景。词人在这里却将笔锋一转：“记得别伊时，桃花柳万丝。”主人公的眼睛一亮突然眼前出现一派春意融融、情意缠绵的幸福画面。这桃红柳绿的妩媚景色，这如此美好的幸福回忆，与前面的“新寒”、“窗雨”、“泪痕”的惨淡孤寂的情景，形成了强烈的对比。出人意外，令人回味。层层深入地揭示人物思想感情，又以反常的出人意外的感受表现感情的起伏变化，是词人最为熟悉，并且运用最多也最为成功的艺术手法。
全词情思翻转跳宕，屈曲有致，相思之苦表现得哀婉曲折。非有切身的体会，不会写得如此神采飘摇，真实细腻，令人感到一丝怅然。
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杜甫《
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船下夔州郭宿雨湿不得上岸别王十》
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李颀《
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少室雪晴送王宁》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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