临江仙引·上国
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宋代]：柳永
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上国。去客。停飞盖、促离筵。长安古道绵绵。见岸花啼露，对堤柳愁烟。物情人意，向此触目，无处不凄然。
醉拥征骖犹伫立，盈盈泪眼相看。况绣帏人静，更山馆春寒。今宵怎向漏永，顿成两处孤眠。
临江仙引·上国译文及注释
译文
我在华州，但现在要离开了。停下车驾，匆促地参加送别的筵席。只见河岸边带露珠的花朵似乎正在悲哀的哭泣，对面长堤上茂密的柳林也仿佛被忧愁笼罩。面对此景，触目伤怀，那物的情状、人的情绪无处不凄凉悲伤。
醉意蒙蒙中仍持握缰绳骑马伫立，饱含离情眼泪的双眼，彼此相看，不忍离去。更何况这一离别，将是彩绣帏帐中人孤寂，山中馆驿春夜寒。今宵将怎样面对这漫漫长夜，一下子分居两处，独自而眠。
注释
临江仙引：词牌名，柳永据《临江仙》作引曲，《乐章集》注“南吕调”。双调七十四字，上片十句两仄韵、四平韵，下片六句三平韵。
上国：泛指京都以西地区，此处指华州。
去客：指离开陕西的人。
飞盖：车盖。车行时盖衣因风而飞动，故称。此处代指车驾。促离筵（yán）：匆促的离别筵席。
绵绵：连续不断的样子。
岸花啼露：岸边的花上还带着朝露。啼：啼哭。
烟：薄薄的雾气。
触目：目光所及。
征骖（cān）：驾车远行的马。
绣帏：指闺阁。
山馆：山野驿馆。
怎：怎奈。向：语助词。漏永：指夜长。漏，滴漏，是古代的计时器。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：156-158
2、叶嘉莹 等．柳永词新释辑评．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：509-511
临江仙引·上国创作背景
词中言“上国。去客”，联系到柳永生平，该词创作年份应为庆历七年，当时柳永离开陕西华州，去往苏州为官。“停飞盖、促离筵”，联系到柳永当时的行程来看，此次筵席应该是在陕州举行的，是陕州知州送别柳永之宴。柳永经历离别，有感于世事无常，作下此词。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：156-158
临江仙引·上国鉴赏
词的上片写离别之后的情景。“上国”二句，点明主题，写离别之情。开端两句都是二字短句，接下来的第三句虽为六字，却需三字停顿一下，叙事的句子语势富有节奏却十分急促，化了词人的行色匆匆，又与下句“长安古道绵绵”形成鲜明的对比。行色匆匆说明词人与亲人离别的时候也是短暂的，道途“绵绵”则又意味着难以再次相聚。词的开端即通过叙事与写景为全词铺设了浓重的悲剧氛围。“岸花啼露”、“堤柳愁烟”是描绘离别之景，清代学者王国维在他的《人间词话》里写道：“昔人论诗，有景语情语之别，不知一切景语皆情语也”。“岸花”本是乐景，但是词人却以“啼露”修饰，颇有杜甫“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”（《春望》）的感觉，因为词人“啼”、“愁”，所以他才会看到“岸花啼露”、“堤柳愁烟”。这里的“露”又象征着人的眼泪，“烟”象征着人的愁情。以景写情，又移情于景，分不清是情还是景，这既是“物情”，又是“人意”。接下来的“物情人意”四字，下的十分精当，所营造的意境又极其凄绝、迷离，自是“向此触目，无处不凄然”了。
词的下片转而写与妻子分别时的情景。过片换头句写临分手的瞬间。“醉拥征骖犹伫立”，这时词人已经喝醉了，坐在车上，词人却想“伫立”，想要留在此地，不想继续走下去了，这是因为思念所致。“盈盈泪眼相看”，“盈盈”的泪水饱含着依依惜别的情意，这里其实也暗示了车子的走动，不然又怎会泪眼“盈盈”。当对方已经在视线中消失的时候，词人又想到今次离别之后的孤寂，写孤寂分别从双方着笔：先写妻子这边，“况绣帏人静”；后写自己，“更山馆春寒”。彼此一个在“绣帏”，一个在“山馆”，但同样是“人静”、“春寒”。这是一组工稳的对偶句，“况”、“更”为领字，“人静”、“春寒”是互文，遣词造句极为考究。煞拍一韵合二处为一体，“今宵怎向漏永，顿成两处孤眠”，同一个“今宵”，同样的“漏永”，同样的“孤眠”，也同样是无可奈何，更是无法忍受的。
词的上片，时间、空间相对静止，饯别之时、临岐之地；下片时间、空间相对处于推移变化中，时间延长，空间扩展。时空设计上的匠心，把离情抒写得既有浓缩的情致，又有绵长的余韵。
这首《临江仙引》在构思布局以至旨趣上，均颇为类似著名的《雨霖铃·寒蝉凄切》，但词意较为高洁，较少缠绵细腻之状，又没有“千里烟波，暮霭沉沉楚天阔”的寥廊、“杨柳岸，晓风残月”的清雅，故而在意蕴丰厚上明显逊于后者，其影响自然远远不及后者。
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杜甫《
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送远》
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柳永《
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临江仙引·上国》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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明代：
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王彦泓
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绣被新鸳剩半床，怕拈卮酒怕闻香。能瘳别恨无灵药，愿驻华姿有禁方。
背冷乍温教女弟，面痕轻舐待萧郎。悬知乍起新妆淡，只有葵花似嫩黄。