宴散
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唐代]：白居易
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小宴追凉散，平桥步月回。
笙歌归院落，灯火下楼台。
残暑蝉催尽，新秋雁戴来。
将何还睡兴，临卧举残杯。
宴散译文及注释
译文
小宴会随着凉夜的来临散了，自己从平桥上踏着月色回去。
笙歌停止了，灯火熄灭了。
残留的暑气已在蝉声中消失，新的秋天随着大雁南飞而到来。
拿什么东西来催眠?那就是在临睡时把剩下的酒喝完。
注释
本诗作于大和五年(831)，时在洛阳，任河南尹。诗句于自然之中含精致。
追凉：乘凉。
平桥：没有弧度的桥。
戴：一作“带”。
将何：拿什么。
残杯：剩下的酒。
宴散创作背景
《宴散》一诗作于白居易晚年。白居易此时已不再以政事为念，终日以诗酒弦歌为乐。《宴散》诗写的就是一次平常的家庭宴会。
参考资料：
1、林力 肖剑主编．唐诗鉴赏大典 （上、中、下册）：长征出版社，1999年11月第1版：第1326-1327页
宴散鉴赏
青年时代曾以兼济天下为己任的白居易，慷慨创作了大量为民请命，使权贵显臣“变色”、“切齿”、“扼腕”的新乐府诗。因触动了权贵的利益，在仕途上遭到了接二连三的打击后，他被迫选择了全身避害、乐天安命的“中隐”之路。公元824年（穆宗长庆四年），五十三岁的白居易开始谋求分司东都的闲职。到公元829年（文宗大和三年），终于如愿以偿，太子宾客分司东都的诏令颁发了。省分知足的白居易自此不再以政事为念，终日以诗酒弦歌为乐。在洛阳度过了他的晚年。于是大量“皆寄于酒，或取意于琴，闲适有余，游乐不暇”的闲适诗代替了讽喻诗。《宴散》一诗正作于这个时期。白居易分司东都后，在洛阳的履道里和新昌坊购置了私宅，并有园林胜景，过着闲适的生活。在《自题小园》一诗中说：“亲宾有时会，琴酒连夜开。”可见家居小宴接连不断。《宴散》诗写的就是一次平常的家庭宴会。“小宴追凉散，平桥步月回”，这次小宴，正值夏秋之交的一个夜晚，宴会之时，残暑未尽。宴散之后，诗人送走客人，信步庭园，踏着月色，身受着习习的凉风，分外怡人。诗人尽情地领略着这凉爽的秋气。踏着美丽的月色，才觉得今晚的小宴结束得正是时候，似乎是“追凉”而散似的。不然，错过了此时此刻的良宵美景，岂不是太可惜了。一个“追”字，道出了诗人宴散步月平桥，沉浸在这新秋之夜的惬意心情。
然而这一夜的小宴又是十分成功的，气氛是融洽而热烈的，宾主都共同度过了一个愉快而难忘的夜晚，因此诗人在平桥闲步时，宴会的盛况、宴会结束时“笙歌归院落，灯火下楼台”的动人情景，不断地浮现在诗人的脑海里。白居易十分爱好音乐，他曾亲手谱制过不少乐曲，包括《霓裳羽衣曲》这样的大型乐章，同时还能弹琴吹笙，指挥乐队。分司东都后，他蓄养有不少的乐妓，组成一支不小的乐队。赵翼在《瓯北诗话》中曾说：“其家乐直可与宰相、留守比赛精美。”可见白居易的家乐是十分有名的，这夜的小宴必定也是笙歌缭绕、灯辉煌，气氛热烈，宴在酒酣宴足、尽兴而散的时候，笙歌虽然结束了，但它的余音似乎还回旋散落在院落之中，不绝如缕；仆人们举着灯火，送客人步下楼台的情景，还历历在目。诗人没有正面描绘宴会酒筵之丰盛，笙歌之优美，而是抓住宴散时的两个镜头，加以烘衬，宴会的盛况尽在其中了。欧阳修《归田录》载：“晏元献公（殊）喜评诗，尝云：‘老觉腰金重，慵便枕玉凉’未是富贵语，不如‘笙歌归院落，灯火下楼台’，此善言富贵者也。”可见这一联不愧为诗歌史上描绘富贵气象的典范，它尽弃金玉锦绣一类的庸俗字句，而以极其疏淡的笔墨，绘出了身居高位的白居易的富贵气象和赏心乐事。
“残暑蝉催尽，新秋雁戴来”。暑尽秋来，蝉随着秋凉的到来，生命的时日将尽，抱树而鸣之声更切；新秋伊始，北雁结队南翔。诗人抓住这种时令和物候的变化特征，把夏去秋来的自然界变化表现得十分富于诗意，称残暑是急切的蝉鸣之声催促而去尽，新秋季节是群雁方引来。五言律诗以第三字为诗眼。这两句以“蝉”、“雁”二字为诗眼，不仅使这两个诗句本身意象生动，警策动人，而且照亮了全诗，深化了诗的主题和意境，加强了全诗的艺术感染力，因此魏庆之在《诗人玉屑》里将这两字作为“唐人句法”中“眼用实字”的范例。
“将何还睡兴？临卧举残杯”。诗人在宴罢闲步时，伴随着明月而来的新秋凉意，诗人兴奋不已，似乎是他首先感受到了这种时令和物候的变化，这新秋的凉风，不仅吹散了诗人身上的“残暑”余热，也掀起了诗人心田秋水般的微澜，不知是喜还是悲，睡意全无。但夜已深沉，万籁俱寂，人们早已进入了梦乡，是该睡觉的时候了。于是诗人，为了今夜酣畅的一觉，又举起酒杯，独酌起来。
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岑参《
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暮秋山行》
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吴文英《
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风入松·麓翁园堂宴客》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
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石门我来不厌频，悠然欲酌还自酌。千崖冥冥送雨来，万木纷纷向人落。
丹邱已会烦青鸟，青田犹未见元鹤。句漏小住亦多时，便欲从此凌寥廓。
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次韵监试潼川提刑张兵部有怀家山木犀
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宋代：
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魏了翁
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形安宇泰即吾乡，花解随人到处黄。
何事归心起张翰，有来妙语出君房。