促织
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唐代]：杜甫
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促织甚微细，哀音何动人。
草根吟不稳，床下夜相亲。
久客得无泪，放妻难及晨。
悲丝与急管，感激异天真。
促织译文及注释
译文
蟋蟀的叫声十分微细，那哀婉的声音多么动人！
它在寒冷的野外草丛间叫得不畅，移到床下来叫，仿佛与我的心情相同。
唉，久客他乡的我怎能不闻声而泪下？被遗弃的妇女或寡妇也在半夜里难以稳睡到天明。
想那哀切的丝乐和激昂的管乐，也不如这天真的声音如此感人。
注释
促织：又叫蟋蟀，今甘肃天水一带俗称“黑羊”。
哀音：哀婉的声音。
稳：安。
亲：近。
得：能够。
放妻：被遗弃的妇女或寡妇。
丝：弦乐器。
管：管乐器。
感激：感动，激发。
天真：这里指促织没有受礼俗影响自然真切的呜声。
参考资料：
1、韩成武 张志民．杜甫诗全译：河北人民出版社，1997年10月第1版：285-286
2、李济阻 王德全 刘秉臣．杜甫陇右诗注析：甘肃人民出版社，1985年03月第1版：175-177
促织创作背景
这首诗是杜甫于乾元二年（759）秋天所作，当时杜甫还在秦州，远离家乡，夜间听闻蟋蟀哀婉的叫声从而感秋，至而牵动了思乡之情，表达了诗人远离家乡的羁旅愁怀。
参考资料：
1、韩成武 张志民．杜甫诗全译：河北人民出版社，1997年10月第1版：285-286
促织鉴赏
人们常常把呜叫声当作动物的语言，所以听到反复不断的声音，就自然想象到那是在不断地诉说着什么，或要求着什么，把它想象成无休止的倾诉。杜甫在秦州的几个月，正是促织活动的时候。傍晚，清晨，特别是不眠之夜，大约都是在促织的鸣叫声中度过的。诗人久客在外，心情本来就很凄凉，被促织声一激，往往不禁泪下。这首诗，就是诗人当时忧伤感情的真实写照。
起句正面点明促织，以“甚细微”与第二句的“何动人”构成对比，衬托哀音的不同寻常。
三、四句和五、六句，在修辞上构成两对‘‘互文”。就是说：促织在野外草根里、在屋内床底下，总是鸣声不断；而不论在什么地方呜叫，总和不得意的诗人心情是互相接近的。听到它的叫声，长期客居外乡的人不得不流泪，再也无法安睡到天明；被遗弃的妇女或寡妇也在半夜里被哀鸣之声惊醒，陪着促织洒下泪水。这种“互文”格式的使用，用表面上的两层意思抒写了交互着的四层意思，能收到言简意缘的效果，是古代诗词中常用的修辞手法。
最后两句以“悲丝”、“急管”同促织的啼叫相比较，而以促织叫声“天真”、不受礼俗影响作结，把促织的哀音放在任何乐器的演奏无法达到的效果之上，把“哀音何动人”写到了极点，更加烘托出诗人的思乡愁苦之情。
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纳兰性德《
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杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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