贺新郎·秋晓
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宋代]：蒋捷
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渺渺啼鸦了。亘鱼天，寒生峭屿，五湖秋晓。竹几一灯人做梦，嘶马谁行古道。起搔首、窥星多少。月有微黄篱无影，挂牵牛数朵青花小。秋太淡，添红枣。
愁痕倚赖西风扫。被西风、翻催鬓鬒，与秋俱老。旧院隔霜帘不卷，金粉屏边醉倒。计无此、中年怀抱。万里江南吹箫恨，恨参差白雁横天杪。烟未敛，楚山杳。
贺新郎·秋晓译文及注释
译文
一夜醒来，听乌鸦声远去再听不到啼叫。辽阔的湖面上，陡峭的岛屿被寒气笼罩，意识到这是太湖的秋晓。昨晚在灯光摇曳中，凭着竹几做了一个梦，梦见马嘶人行于古道。披衣起来搔着头，到室外察看星星有多少。此时月光淡黄天微明，连竹篱的影子也难见到，只有竹篱上，挂着几朵小牵牛花在争俏。大自然好像也嫌秋光太清淡，又特意增添些红枣。
原指望西风能把忧愁扫掉。结果西风反催人增添白发，与萧瑟的秋天一样同衰老。昔日庭院挂着帘幕隔寒霜，酣饮美酒，常在金粉屏风边醉倒。想那时是不会有而今这种感伤的中年怀抱。现在流落万里江南，可恨身无半文难温饱，只能像伍员那样去吹箫乞讨；亦恨列队参差的南归白雁，横过天空是飞得那样高。
注释
贺新郎：词牌名，此调始见苏轼词，原名《贺新凉》，又名《金缕曲》等，双调一百十六字，上下片各十句六仄韵。
渺渺（miǎo）：微远的样子。
啼鸦：乌鸦啼叫。
了（liǎo）：停止。
亘（gèn）：绵亘，辽阔。
鱼天：指水面。
峭屿（qiào yǔ）：陡峭的岛屿。
五湖：太湖的别名。
窥（kuī）星多少：察看星星多少，来判断天色的迟早。因为近清晨时星渐稀少。
青花：即牵牛花。
愁痕：愁容。
翻催：反而催逼。
鬓（bìn）鬓：面额两旁的黑发。
金粉屏：饰有彩绘的屏风。
参（cēn）差（cī）：高低不齐。
白雁：一种鸟，似雁而小，白色，秋天时南飞。
天杪（miǎo）：最高处，天边。
敛：消失。
楚山：指太湖一带的山。
杳（yǎo）：隐没不见。
参考资料：
1、金志奎著．宋词名家名作三百首诠释赏析：武汉出版社，2010年8月：第646页
贺新郎·秋晓创作背景
这首词的具体创作年代不详。但通观全篇可知，这首词作于南宋亡后。词人当时流寓苏州，隐居太湖，在秋天拂晓时分所见景物及由此兴起感慨，于是写下这首词。
参考资料：
1、王兆鹏主编；郭红欣副主编．宋词鉴赏：长江文艺出版社，2009.10：第397页
贺新郎·秋晓鉴赏
这首词的上片写太湖秋晓之景。首句写所闻。“渺渺啼鸦了”写出黎明乌鸦的特点，扣紧“晓”字。下三句写所见所感。“亘鱼天，寒生峭屿，五湖秋晓”，扣紧“秋晓”二字。“竹几一灯人做梦，嘶马谁行古道”二句写所梦。也许词人睡意未消，所以下得床来又点着灯，凭几小睡。梦中不知什么人骑马行于古道之上。“竹几一灯”，“嘶马”“古道”，显得孤单、寂寞，凄凉。“起搔首、窥星多少”写词人的动作，搔首窥星，显得心绪烦乱，焦躁不安，感到天亮得太慢。下四句“月有微黄篱无影，挂牵牛数朵青花小。秋太淡，添红枣”写晨光曦微中的院庭一角：由于天色渐明，月亮颜色变淡，篱影消失，篱笆上挂着几朵青色的小牵牛花，唯有树上的红枣给这疏淡的画面增加了一抹亮色。词人似乎在说，红枣可以为秋添色，而人的心情黯淡，却无法被照亮。上片通过所见所闻所感所梦所行，勾勒出一幅凄清、寥落，充满寒意的秋景图。它不是单纯的写景，而是一幅包括词人在内的山水人物画。透过秋晓的景物，读者仿佛触到了词人的脉搏：他明明有一颗报效国家的雄心，但在万般无奈之中只能无所事事地打发日子。他苦闷、焦躁、度日如年。
词人这种深藏的忧愁在下片中便一发而不可收。过片三句，“愁痕倚赖西风扫。被西风、翻催鬓鬒，与秋俱老”可见由于时光流逝，年华渐老，词人的忧愁变得更加浓重。“旧院隔霜帘不卷，金粉屏边醉倒”二句回忆宋亡前的生活。室内挂着绣帘，遮住寒霜，在绘饰的屏风旁醉倒，何等的惬意。今昔对比，更使词人愁上添愁。“万里江南吹箫恨，恨参差白雁横天杪”二句借伍员，“鼓腹吹箫”之典，托出自己愁苦的底蕴，宋亡后，词人正像当年的伍员一样到处飘泊，大雁尚能在天际自由自在地飞翔，春来便能返回旧居，而人不如雁，到底何时才能返归故里，词人不由产生一种嫉恨之情。两句中连用两个“恨”字，道出深沉的亡国之痛。“烟未敛，楚山杳”，词人陷身于四顾茫茫的大雾之中，看不见天日，看不到出路，只能任忧愁痛苦煎熬自己。结尾以迷茫远景收结，回味无穷。
这首词以故国家山之痛，身世不幸之感为主线，把写景、叙事、抒情融为一体。上片写景，景中含情，下片抒情，情中有景。西风、秋霜、万里江南等景语都因抒情而带出，最后以景结情。全词在写景、抒情之中还夹杂着简括的叙事，如“竹几一灯人做梦，嘶马谁行古道”，“起搔首，窥星多少”，“旧院隔霜帘不卷，金粉屏边醉倒”等处，虽然只是寥寥几笔的白描，但却写得生动传神。
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赵蕃《
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次韵酬吴德夫去秋送行之作》
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纳兰性德《
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浪淘沙·夜雨做成秋》
蒋捷简介
唐代·蒋捷的简介
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蒋捷（生卒年不详），字胜欲，号竹山，宋末元初阳羡（今江苏宜兴）人。先世为宜兴巨族，咸淳十年（1274）进士。南宋亡，深怀亡国之痛，隐居不仕，人称“竹山先生”、“樱桃进士”，其气节为时人所重。长于词，与周密、王沂孙、张炎并称“宋末四大家”。其词多抒发故国之思、山河之恸 、风格多样，而以悲凉清俊、萧寥疏爽为主。尤以造语奇巧之作，在宋季词坛上独标一格，有《竹山词》1卷，收入毛晋《宋六十名家词》本、《疆村丛书》本；又《竹山词》2卷，收入涉园景宋元明词续刊本。
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次韵学士兄秋初 其三
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宋代：
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李弥逊
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叶叶彫梧阵阵风，疏云全放月华浓。故人不寄江头信，看尽飞鸿断复纵。