定风波·重阳
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宋代]：苏轼
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与客携壶上翠微，江涵秋影雁初飞，尘世难逢开口笑，年少，菊花须插满头归。
酩酊但酬佳节了，云峤，登临不用怨斜晖。古往今来谁不老，多少，牛山何必更沾衣。
定风波·重阳译文及注释
译文
同客人带酒登山，长江水倒映着秋天景物的影子，大雁刚刚从这里飞过。人活在世上难遇一次开心欢笑的时候，趁年轻时头插满菊花玩个痛快回来。
以大醉来酬谢重阳节日之景，朝着高耸入云的山登高，用不着去怨太阳快落山了。古往今来有谁不老死，数不清啊，没有必要像齐景公登牛山触景生情而哭泣。
注释
定风波：词牌名，唐教坊曲名，后用作词牌，为双调小令。一作《定风波令》，又名《卷春空》、《醉琼枝》。格律以六十二字，上片五句三平韵，二仄韵，下片六句四仄韵，二平韵，即欧阳炯所做格律为正体，另有七种变体。
重阳：即重阳节。
携壶：带酒。翠微：青翠掩映的山腰幽深处。
涵：容纳，倒映。
初：第一次，刚刚。
尘世：人间。
酩酊（mǐng dǐng）：沉醉，大醉。但：只是。酬：酬谢。
云峤（qiáo）：耸入云霄的高山。
登临：登山临水。
斜晖：夕阳。
多少：数不清。
牛山：在今山东省淄博市。
参考资料：
1、刘石．宋词鉴赏大辞典．北京：中华书局，2011年8月1日：225
2、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：620-622
定风波·重阳创作背景
宋神宗元丰四年（1081年）九月，重阳节到来，苏轼与徐君猷等客人登高赏菊，饮酒赋诗。苏轼有感于杜牧《九日齐安登高》诗，心境一致，作该词以表达苏轼唯物的生死观。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：620-622
定风波·重阳鉴赏
上片，以景入情，描叙登高赏菊，饮酒言欢的情景。“与客携壶上翠微，江涵秋影雁初飞”，开头两句点明“上翠微”的行踪，描绘“江涵秋影”与“雁初飞”的两幅画面。触景生情，便迅速推出“尘世难逢开口笑，年少，菊花须插满头归”的三句人生箴言。趁着这大好的年华、大好的秋光大笑，插黄花。上片即花生情，也为过渡到下片暗示了一笔。
下片，由即花生情进入到写以酒助兴。饮酒抒情，是中国古代文人的传统文化，称之为“酒文化现象”，苏轼也不例外。“酩酊但酬佳节了，云峤，登临不用怨斜晖”。写把酒临风，喝个痛快是为了酬谢佳节。登山临水，同样也是为了酬谢佳节。即使夕阳快落山了，也用不着愁怨。夕阳是自然界中“无限好”的景致，自然人生“夕阳”也应是一道美丽的风景线。“古往今来谁不老，多少，牛山何必更沾衣”，直言人的衰老死亡是不以人的意志为转移的自然规律。杜牧含蓄地说人生“只如此”，而苏轼则直言不讳人生“谁不老”。尤其词的最后引齐景公泣牛山的故事，传情达意，精炼入微，可谓妙笔。
全词，以景入情，即景生情。苏轼虽然感叹世事多艰，但是不消沉，不伤感，充分显示了苏轼对世事、人生短暂的恬淡达观的胸襟。
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清平乐·将愁不去》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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