天仙子·走马探花花发未
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宋代]：苏轼
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走马探花花发未。人与化工俱不易。千回来绕百回看，蜂作婢，莺为使。谷雨清明空屈指。
白发卢郎情未已。一夜翦刀收玉蕊。尊前还对断肠红。人有泪，花无意。明日酒醒应满地。
天仙子·走马探花花发未译文及注释
译文
乘着奔跑的马来看花开了没有，人和天地迫切地等待花开不容易，打发蜂婢莺使千方百计、不厌其烦的来回探看，人们扳手指计算，再过几天到清明、谷雨时就该看见花了，但到时候仍看不见花呢？
卢郎到了老年还多情，一夜之间就用剪刀把刚开的花减掉，在酒宴前还要面对着断肠花，人会流泪，花也不想被人摘去，到了第二天酒醒的时候就会看见花已经落了一地。
注释
天仙子：词牌名。唐教坊舞曲。
化工：天工。指大自然的创造。这里指及时开放的鲜花。
谷雨：二十四节气之一，在清明之后。时当阴历三月，是牡丹花开的节候。
剪刀收玉蕊：以剪刀剪枝喻张先老年娶妾。
断肠红：断肠花。此处借喻张先所娶之妾。
明日酒醒应满地：可能从张先《天仙子·水调数声持酒听》词末句“明日落红应满径”变化而来。满地，指落花遍地。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评． 北京：中国书店出版社，2003年1月1日：164-166
2、石声淮 、唐玲玲 ．东坡乐府编年笺注．北京：华中师范大学出版社，1990年：517-518
天仙子·走马探花花发未创作背景
张先是北宋词坛名家，亦富诗才。晚年与通判杭州的苏轼有交往。苏轼《诗集》卷十一有诗《张子野年八十五，尚闻买妾，述古令作诗》一首，用张子野的故事讽刺张先晚年买妾，诗编在宋神宗熙宁六年（1073年）十月，本词应当与诗作于同时。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．历代名家词新释辑评丛书苏轼词新释辑评． 北京：中国书店出版社，2003年1月1日：164-166
天仙子·走马探花花发未鉴赏
上片写寻花，以喻张先千方百计物色美妾。词中作者纯用比兴，没有用一字道破张先物色美妾这件事实。那个“走马采花”者，即指积极物色美妾人选的张先。“千回来绕百回看，蜂作婢。莺为使”。则写张先的千方百计与不厌其烦。这些比喻性的叙写，很有些漫画化，带有某种讽刺意味。此外，说出“人与化工俱不易”这样的冷唆语，对“谷雨清明”这种花开时节，又说是“空屈指”，清明、谷雨时本来是鲜花盛开的时候，然而这个季节却看不到花，体现了作者这一现象的惋惜之情，其中也不无讥嘲的成分。人的“不易”，表现于“走马”来探，在“屈指”计算哪天是清明和谷雨。化工的“不易”，表现于打发蜂婢莺使千绕百看。这里置“谷雨”于“清明”之前，是为了适应词的平仄规律，《天仙子》第六句的前四字必须是先两个仄声、后两个平声；“谷雨”是仄声，“清明”是平声，所以说“谷雨清明”而不说“清明谷雨”。
下片写面对花，说明张先买妾如愿以偿，而其妾则很可悲。在写法上也略有变化，除了比喻之外，还用了典故。以“白发卢郎”这一典故暗写张先老年娶妾，实在贴切不过。“情未已”三字，是贯穿全词的线索，它与“白发”形成对照，同样暗寓讥讽之意。“一夜剪刀收玉蕊”一句，紧承前句，固然写出张先买妾如愿之事，也暗含作者对鲜花受摧折的惋惜。以下用“断肠红”、“人有泪”、“花无意”等意象，略带悲剧色彩，似乎更鲜明地表现了作者对受害女子的深切同情，客观上也多少增强了对封建制度下不相称的婚姻的讽刺力量。
此词咏的是好容易盼到花开，开的花却被一个老翁剪去，糟蹋了花。上片写人们盼花开的心切，下片写花被糟蹋以后人们的难过。实在当是惋惜一个少女被一个全不相称的人霸占。
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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