忆菊
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清代]：曹雪芹
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怅望西风抱闷思，
蓼红苇白断肠时。
空篱旧圃秋无迹，
瘦月清霜梦有知。
念念心随归雁远，
寥寥坐听晚砧痴。
谁怜我为黄花病，
慰语重阳会有期。
忆菊鉴赏
要理解这首诗，我们就必须首先明白宝钗所“忆”的究竟是什么。从字面上看，她所忆的，当然是菊花。但菊花在这里象征什么呢？传统“红学”在这个问题上的解释是，菊花象征薛宝钗出家远去的丈夫，即贾宝玉。并且倾向于将整首诗的情感基调，说成是所谓的“孤居怨妇的惆怅情怀”。但这种解释本身就是明显有问题的。首先，这种说法与脂批对后文的提示相龃龉。戚序本第7回脂批有云：“历着炎凉，知著甘苦，虽离别亦能自安，故名曰冷香丸。又以谓香可冷得，天下一切无不可冷者。”（戚序本第7回双行夹批）而宝钗《忆菊》中却说“谁怜为我黄花病”，如果宝钗真的到了为思念宝玉而“病”的程度，又岂能说是“虽离别亦能自安”？其二，传统“红学”的解释也不符合宝钗自己对人生聚散的达观认识。第22回，宝钗《更香谜》，其末一句的说法是“光阴荏苒须当惜，风雨阴晴任变迁”。无独有偶，第70回，宝钗在《临江仙·柳絮辞》中也表达了同样的观点：“万缕千丝终不改，任他随聚随分。”如果宝钗是为思念宝玉而到了为之“痴”、为之“病”的地步，又如何是“风雨阴晴任变迁”？如何是“任他随聚随分”？因此，把诗中的菊花解释成贾宝玉，把整首《忆菊》诗解释成所谓的“孤居怨妇的惆怅情怀”，实际上是完全讲不通的！这里的菊花，还应该理解为宝钗高洁的社会理想方是。同回，宝钗作《螃蟹咏》讽时骂世，其中一句即云：“酒未敌腥还用菊，性防积冷定须姜。”姜，老辣之物也。比喻运用权力和法律，对螃蟹一样的恶势力进行惩罚和制裁。菊，高洁之物也，与姜对举，即比喻高洁的社会理想。第42回，宝钗私下里对黛玉表示：
“男人们读书明理，辅国治民，这便好了。只是如今并不听见有这样的人，读了书倒更坏了。这是书误了他，可惜他也把书遭塌了，所以竟不如耕种买卖，倒没有什么大害处。”（第42回）
可见，男女各守其份，当官的清正廉洁，商人、农民努力为社会创造并积累财富，这就是宝钗心目中的理想社会。但这样的理想社会，在现实中却是不存在的。正如宝钗所看到的那样：“如今并不听见有这样的人”。那些读书做官的男人，“读了书倒更坏了”。故，宝钗不惜颠倒传统的士、农、工、商的等级秩序，严厉批评那些士人“竟不如耕种买卖，倒没有什么大害处”。这样也自然引出一个话题，理想社会在现实中已经失落，宝钗当然要为之“忆”。而这才构成了《忆菊》的主题。——菊者，理想中高洁的社会。所谓“忆菊”，就是追忆失去的理想社会！
从整体来看，宝钗的《忆菊》诗即表现了宝钗对在现实中已经失落了的那个理想社会的苦苦追忆之情。而把这首诗与宝钗的另一首《画菊》诗对看，一忧虑、愤懑，一潇洒、解脱，这同时也暗示了宝钗的人生观必将由忧世、愤世，而走向出世、遁世的趋势。“慰语重阳会有期”是不可得的，只能“粘屏聊以慰重阳”。那么，再往后呢？只能到佛、道的出世哲学中去寻找精神归宿。故，宝钗最后必然是“一任俺芒鞋破钵随缘化”，必然是“万缕千丝终不改，任他随聚随分”。而这就是脂砚斋所说的“虽离别亦能自安”的心态，以及“香可冷得，天下一切无不可冷”的精神了！
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张煌言《
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野人饷菊有感》
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胡铨《
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送菊》
曹雪芹简介
唐代·曹雪芹的简介
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曹雪芹，名霑，字梦阮，号雪芹，又号芹溪、芹圃。清代著名文学家，小说家。先祖为中原汉人，满洲正白旗包衣出身。素性放达，曾身杂优伶而被钥空房。爱好研究广泛：金石、诗书、绘画、园林、中医、织补、工艺、饮食等。他出身于一个“百年望族”的大官僚地主家庭，因家庭的衰败饱尝人世辛酸，后以坚韧不拔之毅力，历经多年艰辛创作出极具思想性、艺术性的伟大作品《红楼梦》。
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