小重山·三山与客泛西湖
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宋代]：辛弃疾
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绿涨连云翠拂空。十分风月处，著衰翁。垂杨影断岸西东。君恩重，教且种芙蓉。
十里水晶宫。有时骑马去，笑儿童。殷勤却谢打头风。船儿住，且醉浪花中。
小重山·三山与客泛西湖译文及注释
译文
碧绿的湖水与天空的云连接在一起，一片翠蓝拂试着天空。西湖的风光十分好看，却要我这个老头子住在这里。湖堤上的垂杨树影遮断了东西两岸。君王的恩情太深重了，照顾我这个老头子暂且在这里种芙蓉。
在这个周回十多里的西湖里，还有闽王留下的水晶宫，我常去那里观赏，有时骑马去，儿童看见都笑我。在西湖游玩的时候，顶头风会给我增加不少的麻烦，但我却真情实意的感谢顶头风。船儿停住不走了，我们就在浪花中痛饮一醉吧。
注释
①小重山：词牌名，又名《小重山令》。《金奁集》入“双调”。唐人例用以写“宫怨”，故其调悲。五十八字，前后片各四平韵。
②著衰翁：住老头子。衰翁是作者的自称。
③“君恩”两句：陈与义“甲寅岁出守湖州，道中荷花无复存者，乙卯岁自琐闼卜居青墩镇”之《虞美人》：“今年何以报君恩，一路荷花相送到青墩。”芙蓉：荷花的别名。叫且：且叫，因协平仄而倒置。
④十里句：《闽都记》：“西湖周围十数里，王延钧筑室其上，号水晶宫。时携后庭游宴，不出庄陌，乃由子城复道跨罗城而下，不数十步至其所。”
⑤打头风：欧阳修《归田录》及叶梦得《避暑录话》俱谓“打”音滴耿反，则当读若“顶”，即今所称顶头风也。
参考资料：
1、辛弃疾．稼轩词编年笺注．上海：上海古籍出版社，2007：326
2、傅德岷 卢晋．《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》：江苏古籍出版社，1986年12月：第145页
3、辛弃疾．辛弃疾词集：上海古籍出版社 ，2010年11月1日 ：第263页
小重山·三山与客泛西湖创作背景
这首词作于宋光宗赵惇绍熙三年（1192），当时词人在福建提刑任上，并没有实现自己的建功立业的志向，只能在颓唐之际寄情山水。
参考资料：
1、李肇翔 ．辛弃疾词 ：万卷出版社，2009年：第795页
小重山·三山与客泛西湖鉴赏
上片主要写三山即福州西湖的优美景象，但也透出作者自己的颓放与悲哀。首句以连云的湖水，拂天的翠柳，极写西湖的辽阔、饱满、绿意醉人。接二句写自己，写自己既得以住在风月最佳处，又与这最美的风月景象不相称。“衰翁”一词，可见其颓唐放逸的心情。“垂杨”一韵，接首句“翠拂空”而来，写自己领受了“厚重”的君恩，在西湖无柳处补种芙蓉的情态。
下片赋写自己游湖的快乐，在快乐中也透出颓放之意。首句承上文描写西湖之美的语句，再写西湖之美，但并不重复，因为此处是以“水晶宫”的想像，赋予西湖以神仙幻境般的神奇之美。“有时”两句，暗用晋代山简醉后倒载而为儿童所笑的典故，写自己在此喝得酩酊大醉，于是骑马归去时，不免为儿童辈所笑的情景，用以形容自己像山简一样的颓放。结韵为加一倍法抒情写怀，他说自己既然遭遇到迎面而来的逆风，那么就不再往前行船，索性酣醉于这被风激起的浪花中。以“打头风”象征阻碍他的政治力量，以“醉浪花”比喻自己的索性颓放，但也含有不为风浪所吓倒的风骨。
全词用事浑化无迹，意境如同全为白描绘成，口语造就。因此神迹双清，余味隽永。
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辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城（今山东济南）人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。
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