观祈雨
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唐代]：李约
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桑条无叶土生烟，箫管迎龙水庙前。
朱门几处看歌舞，犹恐春阴咽管弦。
观祈雨鉴赏
此诗写观看祈雨的感慨。通过大旱之日两种不同生活场面、不同思想感情的对比，深刻揭露了封建社会尖锐的阶级矛盾。《水浒传》中“赤日炎炎似火烧”那首著名的民歌与此诗在主题、手法上都十分接近，但二者也有所不同。民歌的语言明快泼辣，对比的方式较为直截了当；而此诗语言含蓄曲折，对比的手法比较委婉。
首句先写旱情，这是祈雨的原因。《水浒》民歌写的是夏旱，所以是“赤日炎炎似火烧，野田禾稻半枯焦”。此诗则紧紧抓住春旱特点。“桑条无叶”是写春旱毁了养蚕业，“土生烟”则写出春旱对农业的严重影响。因为庄稼枯死，便只能见“土”；树上无叶，只能见“条”。所以，这描写旱象的首句可谓形象、真切。“水庙”即龙王庙，是古时祈雨的场所。白居易就曾描写过求龙神降福的场面：“丰凶水旱与疾疫，乡里皆言龙所为。家家养豚漉清酒，朝祈暮赛依巫口。”（《黑潭龙》）所谓“赛”，即迎龙娱神的仪式，此诗第二句所写“箫管迎龙”正是这种赛神场面。在箫管鸣奏声中，人们表演各种娱神的节目，看去煞是热闹。但是，祈雨群众只是强颜欢笑，内心是焦急的。这里虽不明说“农夫心内如汤煮”，而意思已全有了。相对于民歌的明快，此诗表现出含蓄的特色。
诗的后两句忽然撇开，写另一种场面，似乎离题，然而与题目却有着内在的联系。如果说前两句是正写“观祈雨”的题面，则后两句可以说是观祈雨的感想。前后两种场面，形成一组对照。水庙前是无数小百姓，箫管追随，恭迎龙神；而少数“几处”豪家，同时也在品味管弦，欣赏歌舞。一方是惟恐不雨；一方却“犹恐春阴”。惟恐不雨者，是因生死攸关的生计问题；“犹恐春阴”者，则仅仅是怕丝竹受潮，声音哑咽而已。这样，一方是深重的殷忧与不幸，另一方却是荒嬉与闲愁。这样的对比，潜台词可以说是：世道竟然如此不平啊。这一点作者虽已说明却未说尽，仍给读者以广阔联想的空间。此诗对比手法不像“农夫心内如汤煮，公子王孙把扇摇”那样一目了然。因而它的讽刺更为曲折委婉，也更耐人寻味。
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孟宾于《
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公子行》
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薛昂夫《
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塞鸿秋·功名万里忙如燕》
李约简介
唐代·李约的简介
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[唐]宗室，字在博，一作存博。郑王元懿玄孙，勉子，官兵部员外郎。有画癖，闻一士人家有张璪所绘松石幛子，乃诣购其家，弱妻已练为衣裹。唯得两幅，双柏一石，嗟惋久之，作绘练记。以至行雅操知名当时。特精楷隶，并善画梅。又萧字为梁侍中萧子云壁书，李约得之，崔备为之记，约自为赞，又以名其斋。《唐书宗室世系表》、《历代名画记》、《宣和画谱》、《图绘宝鉴补遗》、《萧斋记》
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