何彼襛矣
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两汉]：佚名
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何彼襛矣，唐棣之华？曷不肃雍？王姬之车。
何彼襛矣，华如桃李？平王之孙，齐侯之子。
其钓维何？维丝伊缗。齐侯之子，平王之孙。
何彼襛矣译文及注释
译文
怎么那样秾丽绚烂？如同唐棣花般美妍。为何喧闹不堪欠庄重？王姬出嫁车驾真壮观。
怎么那样地秾丽绚烂？如同桃花李花般娇艳。平王之孙容貌够姣好，齐侯之子风度也翩翩。
什么东西钓鱼最方便？撮合丝绳麻绳成钓线。齐侯之子风度也翩翩，平王之孙容貌够娇艳。
注释
襛（nóng）：花木繁盛貌。
唐棣（dì）：木名，似白杨，又作棠棣、常棣。一说指车帷。
曷（hé）：何。肃：庄严肃静。雝（yōng）：雍容安详。
王姬：周王的女儿，姬姓，故称王姬；一说为美女的代称。
平王、齐侯：指谁无定说，或谓非实指，乃夸美之词。
其钓维何，维丝伊缗：是婚姻恋爱的隐语，或指男女双方门当户对、婚姻美满，或指用适当的方法求婚。维、伊：语助词。缗（mín）：合股丝绳，喻男女合婚；一说钓绳。
参考资料：
1、《先秦诗鉴赏辞典》.上海辞书出版社，1998年12月版，第47-48页
何彼襛矣创作背景
关于这首诗具体的创作背景，《毛诗序》以为此诗作于西周时期，是为“武王女、文王孙”的王姬下嫁齐侯之子而作。宋朝亦有学者认为这首诗创作于东汉，平王为周平王而非“平正之王”。
参考资料：
1、吴晓峰. 《诗经》“二南”篇所载礼俗研究[D].吉林大学,2005.
何彼襛矣鉴赏
《何彼秾矣》一诗的主旨，《毛诗序》以为是“美王姬”之作，云：“虽则王姬，亦下嫁于诸侯，车服不系其夫，下王后一等，犹执妇道以成肃雍之德也。”古代学者多从其说，朱熹《诗集传》也说：“王姬下嫁于诸侯，车服之盛如此，而不敢挟贵以骄其夫家，故见其车者，知其能敬且和以执妇道，于是作诗美之。”近现代学者大都认为是讥刺王姬出嫁车服奢侈的诗。高亨《诗经今注》却认为是“周平王的孙女出嫁于齐襄公或齐桓公，求召南域内诸侯之女做陪嫁的媵妾，而其父不肯，召南人因作此诗”。袁梅《诗经译注》又持新说，以为是男女求爱的情歌，诗中的“王姬”、“平王之孙”、“齐侯之子”不过是代称或夸美之词。此诗应是为平王之孙与齐侯之子新婚而作，在赞叹称美之余微露讽刺之意。
全诗三章，每章四句，极力铺写王姬出嫁时车服的豪华奢侈和结婚场面的气派、排场。首章以唐棣花儿起兴，铺陈出嫁车辆的骄奢，“曷不肃雝”二句俨然是路人旁观、交相赞叹称美的生动写照。次章以桃李为比，点出新郎、新娘，刻画他们的光彩照人。“平王之孙，齐侯之子”二句虽然所指难以确定，但无非是渲染两位新人身份的高贵。末章以钓具为兴，表现男女双方门当户对、婚姻美满。
“通篇俱在诗人观望中着想”（陈继揆《读诗臆补》），全诗在诗人的视野中逐渐推移变化，时而正面描绘，时而侧面衬托，相得益彰。从结构上说，全诗各章首二句都是一设问、一作答，具有浓郁的民间色彩，“前后上下，分配成类，是诗家合锦体”（同上）。今人陈子展《诗经直解》说：“（此）诗每章首二句，一若以设谜为问，一若以破谜为答，谐讔之类也。此于《采蘩》、《采苹》之外，又创一格。此等问答体，盖为此时此地歌谣惯用之一种形式。”
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佚名《
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国风·邶风·新台》
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佚名《
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国风·鄘风·墙有茨》
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