临江仙·四海十年兵不解
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宋代]：陈克
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四海十年兵不解，胡尘直到江城。岁华销尽客心惊。疏髯浑似雪，衰涕欲生冰。
临江仙·四海十年兵不解创作背景
陈克作此词时，距离北宋灭亡已经有八年时间。当时，南宋以建康为都城，偏安于南方。绍兴四年（1134），金兵向建康逼进，陈克力主抗金，上言奏陈守备细则，然而朝廷不纳其奏。陈克有感于国事衰微，自己一腔壮志无处施展，因而写下了这首《临江仙》。
参考资料：
1、刘默，陈思思，黄桂月编著．宋词鉴赏大全集 上：中国华侨出版社，2012.09：第332-333页
临江仙·四海十年兵不解鉴赏
词的上片开篇“四海十年兵不解，胡尘直到江城”，包含着丰富的历史事实，包括从宣和七年金灭宋至绍兴四年金军兵临建康城下这段历史。前半句表达作者对侵犯者的愤慨，后半句表达他对朝廷的不满。两句正面点提形势，诉说对进犯者的谴责，和对造成“胡尘直到江城”局面的赵宋王室的不满。这一起句，具有统领全词的作用。下文所写愁苦心情、归隐的愿望，与故人告别的原因，皆根源于此句。由兴亡之变兴起兴亡之叹，由此引出下面叹老、送老、别友之事。“岁华销尽客心惊”，作者心惊于十年时间倏忽而逝，而自己报国无望，国事亦难以振兴。“疏髯浑如雪，衰涕欲生冰”，这一句表达了作者对于自己年华老去、无法驰骋疆场的遗恨，以及因国事而涕泪不止的忧虑之情。
词的下片，“送老”一词，上承“岁华销尽”、“疏髯”、“衰涕”，下启“吴兴”、“别愁”、“孤影”，是贯通上下词意的关键词。归隐虽是作者所愿，但是他却不忍心与老朋友道别。“相望”二字，点出依依惜别之态。“别愁深夜雨，孤影小窗灯”是作者与故人分别之后，对故人孤独愁苦情态的想象。深夜的细雨、窗灯、孤影、别愁，共同构成一幅凄迷伤感的别后思念图。作者不写自己别后如何思念故人，却反过来想象故人如何思念自己。他想象故人深夜独对灯影，孑然一身，实际上对应的是自己的孤独寂寞。除此之外，这两句承上“故人相望若为情”，是悬想别后故人孤愁情状。词人借用苏轼诗的意象，以“别愁”、“孤影”表之，见故人于今独处无侣之苦，也反衬出自己的孤苦处境。最后一句以景作结，将词一开始抛出的对国家兴亡的忧虑，收结到深夜孤灯下的身影中，多少慨叹都蕴涵于其中。正因为不言，反而有了言不尽的深意。
就艺术特色而言，这首词起承转合，意脉不断，巧妙无痕。起首两句指出：兵祸不止，以至于“胡尘直到江城”。这一形势。此后虽然不再有一个字提到兴亡，但由此种下的兴亡之慨，随处可见。这样开头，有笼罩之功力。至过变处，词云“送老”，这和“十年”、“岁华销尽”、“疏髯”、“衰涕”是完全一致的，因而这两个字可谓承接严密。上片言老，是说国事不宁，个人衰弱而下片言老，则是寻求自己的归宿。所以“送老”一语承上而启下“应吴兴”、“别愁”、“孤影”，与之一脉相承。词到终了，却用雨天深夜之中，小窗前残灯映照下的“故人”形象收束，用环境描写来寄托难言的苦衷，创造出迷离恍惚的气氛，不但收来有力，而且含“有余不尽”之妙。
全词情感真挚深沉，沉郁中蕴含着满腔的爱国情怀，言有尽而意无穷。
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陈维崧《
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沁园春·十万琼枝》
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元好问《
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鹧鸪天·只近浮名不近情》
陈克简介
唐代·陈克的简介
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(1081—1137）北宋末南宋初词人。字子高，自号赤城居士。临海（今属浙江）人。
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