奉寄韦太守陟
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唐代]：王维
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荒城自萧索，万里山河空。
天高秋日迥，嘹唳闻归鸿。
寒塘映衰草，高馆落疏桐。
临此岁方晏，顾景咏悲翁。
故人不可见，寂寞平陵东。
奉寄韦太守陟译文及注释
译文
城郭荒凉本自荒凉冷落，万里山河分外辽阔澄空。
秋高气爽显得太阳更远，南归鸿雁传来哀鸣凄切。
塘水寒碧倒映残荷枯草，馆舍高耸飘落几叶梧桐。
正当这一年将尽的时节，顾影徘徊吟咏起思悲翁。
老朋友已经难以见到了，你寂寞地独处平陵之东。
注释
奉：敬词。太守：一郡的行政长官。韦太守陟：即韦陟，王维的好友，两人多相唱和之诗。
荒城：荒凉的古城。唐杜甫《谒先主庙》诗：“绝域归舟远，荒城系马频。”萧索：萧条冷落；凄凉。
迥（jiǒng）：远。
嘹唳（lì）：形容声音响亮凄清。
归鸿：归雁。诗文中多用以寄托归思。
寒塘：寒冷的池塘。衰草：枯草。高馆：高大的馆舍。疏桐：梧桐树间因为稀疏而落下的斑驳的影子。
岁方晏：一年将尽的时候。晏：晚。
顾景（yǐng）：即顾影。自顾其影。有自矜、自负之意。悲翁：古曲名。
故人：旧交；老友。
平陵：一作“平林”，地名，在襄阳之西。此指韦陟任职之地。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：75-76
奉寄韦太守陟创作背景
唐玄宗天宝二年（743年），韦陟被李林甫所排挤，由吏部侍郎出为襄阳太守。王维写了这首诗寄赠韦陟，对他的遭遇表示同情。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：75-76
奉寄韦太守陟鉴赏
此诗首联开门见山，直接描写边塞孤城的萧条衰败。一座非常荒凉，被人荒废的池城，随着岁月的侵蚀，更添了些岁月斑驳的痕迹，越发地衰败，荒凉。极目望去，万里河山只一片空旷寂寥，这空不只是空间的空虚，也是回首后，戍守边疆，保家卫国之事业付诸东流的空。这一联中，一“自”一“空”，如神来之笔，画龙点睛。自，表现了城池荒废，自身自灭，无人管辖的悲凉。或许当年无数英雄为戍守家园在此叱咤风云，而如今，那雄伟壮阔已消失殆尽，只杂草丛生，一片衰飒。空，亦是沉重的悲凉，这广阔的边城曾经何等的壮阔，何等地雄伟，如今，“浪花淘尽英雄”，英雄事业转头空。无尽的苍凉，无尽的悲壮，尽在这“自”与“空”中。后来杜甫《蜀相》诗颔联“映阶碧草自春色，隔叶黄鹂空好音”也用了“自”与“空”，应为受此诗启发。
第二联，落笔于高空。秋气肃杀，高远阔大的边城景象，只孤城一座，“天高秋日迥”，是古老的苍凉。满目疮痍，抑制不住满心悲愁。忽城外几点孤雁，凄厉的鸣叫传入耳际，那是寻找同伴的哀鸣，是跋涉在故乡途中悲苦的呼叫，撕心裂肺，揪人心肠。鸿雁尤可展翅飞翔，而自身呢，便怕要陷身此荒凉之地了，不禁自问何时能归乡。内心的愁绪与阴影不禁又增添了一层。
第三联，诗人从身边的细节着眼。城池的荒废，秋日的高迥，欲躲避了这满眼的肃杀的景象，可眼前池塘凛冽的水，岸边衰败的草，驿馆外稀疏枯干的梧桐，处处如此，又能够向何处逃呢。而现在恰是年终之际，归乡也不得，既然躲不过，那就直面这肃杀之景，高咏一曲《思悲翁》。古人杜康以解忧，今诗人咏歌以遣怀。孰不知，“拟把疏狂图一醉，对酒当歌，强乐还无味。”
第四联，诗人故作刚强，似勉强还能控制住内心无限的惆怅、悲凉。
至尾联，忽念及自己在这偏远的边塞荒城上，竟无一好友相伴，一时所有的情感如开闸之水，奔涌汹涌出来，再也难以控制了。全诗至此，戛然而止，但那难以遣怀的悲愁，却久久不散。
纵观全诗，首句概写，第二联亦从大处落笔，而第三联则从身边细节入手，由远及近，层层递进。且精炼简洁地描绘出边塞荒凉之景，借悲景诉悲情。至结尾两联，则环顾自身，直抒胸臆，情感的深度再往推一层，至顾荒城之忧，思故乡之辈，怀故人之戚，愐肃秋之愁，夹杂缠绕如奔腾河水，昼夜不息，荡气回肠。
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纳兰性德《
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点绛唇·寄南海梁药亭》
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李白《
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赠郭季鹰》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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