过碛
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唐代]：岑参
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黄沙碛里客行迷，四望云天直下低。
为言地尽天还尽，行到安西更向西。
过碛译文及注释
译文
异乡客子在黄沙碛里把路迷，四下张望只觉得云天向下低。
只说是地到此尽天也到此尽，我已走到安西却还要再向西。
注释
碛（qì）：沙石地，沙漠。这里指银山碛，又名银山，在今新疆库米什附近。
黄沙：指沙漠地区。唐刘长卿《送南特进赴归行营》诗：“虏云连白草， 汉 月到黄沙。”
云天：高空。《庄子·大宗师》：“黄帝得之，以登云天。”直下低：往下低落。
言：说。
过碛创作背景
唐玄宗天宝八载（749年），岑参抱着建功立业的志向，离开京师长安赴任安西四镇节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记之职。此诗当作于他这次出塞赴安西途经沙漠之时，时间大约在天宝九载（750年）。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编．成都：四川文艺出版社，1990：330-331
过碛鉴赏
这首诗显示的是作者在大漠上行旅时所望见的景色和所产生的感觉。首句“黄沙碛里客行迷”，是写置身于荒漠中，不仅前路迷茫，不知何往，如韦应物《调啸词》所写的“东望西望路迷”；而且感到心情迷惘，无所归依，如韦庄《菩萨蛮·洛阳城里春光好》词所写的“此时心转迷”。句中的这个“迷”字，与作者的另一首《宿铁关西馆》诗“乡遥梦亦迷”句中的“迷”字一起来看，可能还含有回首万里、归路亦迷的意思在内。
第二句“四望云天直下低”，回应第一句，描写在广阔无限的沙漠中，四面远望，天地相接，云天低迷，而这一印象正引出和加重了行客的迷失心情。这个“低”，虽属视官的错觉，却是望中的实感。陆游《游修觉寺》诗中的“天向平芜尽处低”句，写的也是这样一个错觉和实感；而岑参所写的，是在西北高原上、浩翰沙漠中的特别鲜明、强烈的感受。
第三句“为言地尽天还尽”，又直承这第二句。正因远望中云天四垂，低与地连，所以进而觉得地到了尽头，天也到了尽头。诗人到达安西后，在《碛西头送李判官入京》诗中还写有“寻河愁地尽，过碛觉天低”两句。“寻河”是虚写，用汉使通西域典故（见《汉书·张骞传》；“过碛”是实写，记自身的历程。“地尽”、“天低”则重述了这一过碛时由直觉产生的印象。
末句“行到安西更向西”，宕开诗笔，另拓诗境，表现天地本自无边无涯，地外仍有地，天外仍有天，过了大漠还在向西方延伸，以见天地之末“尽”。这一收尾也许另有一层意思，如李益的《征人歌》所说：“塞外征行无尽日”，虽然已经抵达安西，征行还不会结束。
诗写诗人在一望无际的大沙漠上日夜西行时，眼前看到的景色、直觉中构成的印象、内心处触发的感受。岑参的边塞诗，常采用夸张的表现手法。这首绝句中所写的“云天直下低”、“地尽天还尽”，也带有夸张色彩。但这种夸张，不是对真实的歪曲，而是对真实的强化，更形象、更逼真可感地表现了诗人在那样一个独特环境中所看到的独特景色、所产生的独特感受。
有些边塞诗，往往经过高度概括，甚或出于凭空想象，所写的景物情事常常共性多，个性少，纵有典型意义，不免陈陈相因。岑参所写，则大都是实地见闻、亲身感受，以不同于一般边塞诗的面目出现，奇葩独放，异境别开，使人眼目为之一新。从这首绝句，也可尝鼎一脔，窥豹一斑。
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岑参《
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首秋轮台》
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李益《
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度破讷沙二首》
岑参简介
唐代·岑参的简介
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岑参（约715-770年），唐代边塞诗人，南阳人，太宗时功臣岑文本重孙，后徙居江陵。[1-2] 岑参早岁孤贫，从兄就读，遍览史籍。唐玄宗天宝三载（744年）进士，初为率府兵曹参军。后两次从军边塞，先在安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记；天宝末年，封常清为安西北庭节度使时，为其幕府判官。代宗时，曾官嘉州刺史（今四川乐山），世称“岑嘉州”。大历五年（770年）卒于成都。
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