后出塞五首
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唐代]：杜甫
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男儿生世间，及壮当封侯。
战伐有功业，焉能守旧丘？
召募赴蓟门，军动不可留。
千金买马鞍，百金装刀头。
闾里送我行，亲戚拥道周。
斑白居上列，酒酣进庶羞。
少年别有赠，含笑看吴钩。
朝进东门营，暮上河阳桥。
落日照大旗，马鸣风萧萧。
平沙列万幕，部伍各见招。
中天悬明月，令严夜寂寥。
悲笳数声动，壮士惨不骄。
借问大将谁？恐是霍嫖姚。
古人重守边，今人重高勋。
岂知英雄主，出师亘长云。
六合已一家，四夷且孤军。
遂使貔虎士，奋身勇所闻。
誓开玄冥北，持以奉吾君！
献凯日继踵，两蕃静无虞。
渔阳豪侠地，击鼓吹笙竽。
云帆转辽海，粳稻来东吴。
越罗与楚练，照耀舆台躯。
主将位益崇，气骄凌上都：
边人不敢议，议者死路衢。
我本良家子，出师亦多门。
将骄益愁思，身贵不足论。
跃马二十年，恐辜明主恩。
坐见幽州骑，长驱河洛昏。
中夜间道归，故里但空村。
恶名幸脱免，穷老无儿孙。
后出塞五首创作背景
《后出塞五首》当作于公元755年（唐玄宗天宝十四载）冬，安禄山反唐之初。目的在于通过一个脱身归来的士兵的自述，大声疾呼的揭露安禄山的反唐真相，叫唐明皇快快清醒过来，并指出养成禄山反叛的原因，即在于他自己的好大喜功，过宠边将，以致禄山得以边功市宠、形成养虎贻患。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 ．杜甫诗选注 ．北京 ：人民文学出版社 ，1998年8月版 ：第59-64页 ．
2、于海娣 等 ．唐诗鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：2010年12月版 ，中国华侨出版社 ：第158-161页 ．
后出塞五首鉴赏
《后出塞五首》组诗叙写开元（713—741）天宝（742—756）年间一位军士从应募赴军到只身脱逃的经历，通过一个人的遭遇深刻反映了天宝之变的“酿乱期”的历史真实。
自开元中玄宗改府兵制为募兵制，兵农分离，出现了职业兵。德宗时李泌论募兵制是祸乱的根源，说这种应募的兵士，既非土著，又无宗族，重赏赐而轻生。《后出塞五首》主人公正是这样一个应募者形象。一无牵挂的汉子，乐意当兵吃粮。诗中提到相赠吴钩的“少年”，当属唐诗中常常写到的少年游侠一类人物。物以类聚，此诗主人公也应是这一类人物。组诗第一首系主人公自叙应募动机及辞家盛况；第二首叙赴军途中情事，尚归美主将；第三首是诗人的议论；第四首则揭露蓟门主将的骄横；第五首则写逃离军旅的经过。此组诗的突出成就，便在塑造了一个“典型环境中的典型形象”。对此诗的赏析，便应围绕这一中心来进行。
一度怀着功名万里雄心的军士后来逃归，其逃离的动机，诗中说得很清楚，是由于他在蓟门军中看到“主将”（当指安禄山）日益骄横、目中无君，而朝廷一味姑息养奸“主将位益崇，气骄凌上都，边人不敢议，议者死路衢”，自己本为效忠国家而来（“誓开玄冥北，持以奉吾君”），不料却上了“贼船”，“坐见幽州骑，长驱河洛昏”，因而三十六计，走为上计了。
诗一开始就讲得很明白，主人公赴边的目的就是追求“封侯”，“首章便作高兴语，往从骄帅者，赏易邀，功易就也。”（浦起龙）此人正是第三首所谓“重高勋”的“今人”、“奋身勇所闻”的“貔虎士”中的一员。“拔剑击大荒，日收胡马群；誓开玄冥北，持以奉吾君”，也正属于这类人物的夸耀口吻。从第一首“男儿生世间，及壮当封侯”到第五首“跃马二十年，恐辜明主恩”的表白，可见主人公求取功名封赏的思想是一贯的，并未发生何种转变。“古人重守边”六句，不能理解为诗中人思想的转变，而只能理解为诗人自己对时事的评议，或者说它们恰恰是诗人对笔下人物思想、行动的一种批判。说这是杜甫微露本相的地方还不够，应该说这是作者直接激扬文字，站出来表态。这种夹叙夹议的手法，在杜甫诗中原是并不罕见的。
据《通典》称：“国家开元天宝之际，宇内谧如，边将邀宠，竟图勋伐，西陲青海之戍，东北天门之师，碛西怛罗之战，云南渡沪之役，没入异域数十万人，向无幽寇内侮，天下四征未息，离溃之势，岂可量邪！”当时的边境战争，唐玄宗好战固然是一个原因；兵制的改变，也同样是个重要原因。府兵原是寓兵于农的一种兵制，将帅不能拥兵自重，故唐朝前期没有武夫割据事件。而募兵之行，诚如李泌所说，应募兵士多是不事生产的亡命之徒，他们贪功重赏，形成军中好战心理。上自朝廷，下至士兵，互相影响，正是“岂知英雄主，出师亘长云。六合已一家，四夷但孤军。遂使貔虎士，奋身勇所闻。”对侵侮邻国的兴趣随战争的进行愈来愈浓厚，野心的将帅也就得到长成羽翼的机会。
《后出塞五首》就艺术地再现了这一特定时代的历史生活。诗中主人公正是募兵制下一个应募兵的典型形象。他既有应募兵通常有的贪功恋战心理，又有国家民族观念。他为立功封爵而赴边，又为避叛逆的“恶名”而逃走。组诗在欢庆气氛中开头，凄凄凉凉地结尾，是一出个人命运的悲剧。
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王维《
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送韦评事》
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李益《
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从军北征》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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于玉班
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檐栊午寂，正阴阴窥见，后堂芳树。绿遍长丛花事杳，忽见琼葩丰度。
艳雪肌肤，蕊珠标格，消尽人间暑。还忧风日，曲屏罗幕遮护。
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再题翠云山房
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：
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弘历
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平生山水心，胜地辄留咏。虚轩惬远寄，万象供临凭。
岚霭朝夕变，峰峦前后映。秀是图画体，贞为松柏性。