塞下曲
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唐代]：李益
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塞下曲鉴赏
李益的边塞诗，主要是抒发将士们久戍思归的怨望情绪，情调偏于感伤，但也有一些慷慨激昂之作，《塞下曲》便是这方面较著名的一首。
诗以前代戍边名将作比，抒发了将士们的豪情壮志。头二句夸赞东汉两个名将马援和班超。“伏波惟愿裹尸还”，这句说的是马援的故事。东汉马援屡立战功，被封为伏波将军。他曾经说：男儿当战死在边疆，以马革裹尸还葬。“定远何须生入关”，这句说的是班超的故事。东汉班超投笔从戎，平定西域一些少数民族贵族统治者的叛乱，封定远侯，居西域三十一年。后因年老，上书皇帝，请求调回，有“但愿生入玉门关”句。
以上两句说：为保家卫国，边塞将士应长期驻守边疆，宁愿战死疆场，无须活着回到玉门关。后二句表示灭敌及长期卫边的决心。
“莫遣只轮归海窟”，“只轮”，一只车轮。《春秋公羊传》：“僖公三十三年，夏四月，晋人及姜戎败秦于肴..晋人与羌戎要之肴而击之，匹马只轮无反（返）者。”“海窟”，本指海中动物聚居的洞穴，这里借指当时敌人所居住的瀚海（沙漠）地方。这句意思是说，不能让一个敌人逃跑。
“仍留一箭定天山”，“一箭定天山”，说的是唐初薛仁贵西征突厥的故事。《旧唐书·薛仁贵传》说：“唐高宗时，薛仁贵领兵在天山迎击九姓突厥十余万军队，发三矢射杀他们派来挑战的少数部队中的三人，其余都下马请降。薛仁贵率兵乘胜前进，凯旋时，军中歌唱道：“将军三箭定天山，战士长歌入汉关。”
以上两句意思是说：“要全歼敌人，不能让一个敌人逃跑，而且应该留驻边疆，叫敌人不敢再来侵犯。”
这首诗通过东汉马援、班超和唐初薛仁贵三个名将的故事，讴歌了将士们激昂慷慨、视死如归、坚决消灭来犯之敌的英雄气概和勇于牺牲的精神，反映了当时人民要安边定远的心愿。全诗情调激昂，音节嘹亮，是一首激励人们舍身报国的豪迈诗篇。
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上一首：
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卢纶《
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和张仆射塞下曲六首》
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下一首：
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王维《
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出塞作》
李益简介
唐代·李益的简介
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李益(约750—约830)， 唐代诗人，字君虞，祖籍凉州姑臧（今甘肃武威市凉州区），后迁河南郑州。大历四年(769)进士，初任郑县尉，久不得升迁，建中四年(783)登书判拔萃科。因仕途失意，后弃官在燕赵一带漫游。以边塞诗作名世，擅长绝句，尤其工于七绝。
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