蓟中作
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唐代]：高适
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边城何萧条，白日黄云昏。
一到征战处，每愁胡虏翻。
岂无安边书，诸将已承恩。
惆怅孙吴事，归来独闭门。
蓟中作译文及注释
译文
打马驱驰越过沙漠，长途跋涉来到边疆。
边城一带如此萧条，日光惨淡白云昏黄。
身临沙场争战之处，常为胡虏的反复侵扰而忧伤。
胸中不是没有安边良策，无奈将帅己得封赏无心边防。
才如孙吴却无处施展呀，只好归来闭门独自惆帐。
注释
蓟（jì）中：指蓟城，今河北大兴西南。
垣（yuán）：城上矮墙。
萧条：冷落。
翻：同“反”，反叛。
安边书：安边的策略。
诸将：指安禄山等人。
孙吴事：指孙武、吴起用兵之事。孙武，春秋齐国人，古代著名军事家，著有《孙子兵法》十三篇。吴起，战国时卫人，任魏国将军，大败秦兵，亦有兵法行世。
参考资料：
1、余正松编选,边塞诗选,凤凰出版社,2012.04,第220页
2、朱德才，杨燕主编,唐宋诗词 上册,山东文艺出版社,1992.10,第206页
蓟中作创作背景
《文苑英华》与敦煌唐写本残卷《唐人选谢诗》中此诗皆题作《送兵还作》，可知此诗是高适在天宝十年（751）冬天送兵后，于次年春天南返封丘时所作。
参考资料：
1、丁敏翔，白雪，李倩编著,唐诗鉴赏大全集 上,中国华侨出版社,2012.08,第247页
蓟中作鉴赏
蓟中指蓟城，在今北京市大兴县西南。高适于公元752年（天宝十一年）春南返封丘，写下了这首诗。
诗一开篇，就以“沙漠”、“塞垣”这样特有的塞外景物，勾勒出一幅浩瀚伟岸的典型图画。接着以“策马”、“长驱”和“登”这三个动作，勾画出一个挥鞭驰骋、飞越大漠、慷慨激昂、勇赴国难的英雄形象。
三、四句，则写诗人登上塞垣的所见：映入眼帘的，是衰草遍地、寒风呼啸的“萧条”荒凉景象；纵目远眺，只见“白日”昏暗，寒云苍茫，天地玄黄。开始四句叙事写景，以白描之法大笔勾勒，境界阔大，人物虽尚未出场，但通过“策马”“长驱”的壮烈之举，落日黄云的苍茫之色，特别是“落日何萧条”句中的“何”字，突出了主人公的感慨之深，忧愁之重。
“一到征战处，每愁胡虏翻”，这两句既是由前面的叙事写景到下文议论抒情的转折，又是具体揭示前文“边城何萧条”的原因：征战不息，原来是“胡虏”的反叛造成的，同时也暗示对安禄山以“边功市宠”，引起战端。据《通鉴·玄宗天宝四载》记载：安禄山欲以边功市宠，数侵掠奚、契丹，逼得“奚契丹各杀公主以叛。”可见天宝时期东北边境的“边患”，主要是安禄山进行不义战争造成的。尽管当时安禄山手握三镇雄兵，是被唐玄宗封为东平郡王的显赫人物，而高适“栖迟一尉”，人微言轻，对此倒行逆施却已难捺愤怒，因此感情的激流勇掀波澜，以一强烈的反诘：“岂无安边书？”对统治者进行了强烈的抨击，同时也表现出自己安边定远的高度自信心。
史言高适“喜言王霸大略”，“逢时多难，以安危为己任。”（《旧唐书·高适传》）对给国家、人民带来苦难的不义战争，高适坚决反对。但现实却是贤者沉沦，奸邪得志。“诸将已承恩”一句回答，包含着诗人多少深沉的愤慨！这一起一伏之中，诗人的感情又由激越转向沉痛。这样自然引出末尾两句，“惆怅孙吴事，归来独闭门！”这两句各用一典，孙、吴指战国时著名的军事家孙膑和吴起，“闭门”指东汉末年大名士陈寔有感于世道黑暗，拒绝入仕，故“闭门悬车，栖迟养老”（见《后汉书·陈寔传》）。此二句含蕴的情感十分深厚强烈，有言少意多之妙。不过，第二句的“闭门”之说，是对现实极为不满的反语，其实高适对现实是十分关注的，对政治是极为热衷的。正如钟惺所评：“欲言塞下事，天子不召见，归咎于君；‘岂无安边书，诸将已成恩’，归咎于臣。”“‘已承恩’三字偷惰欺蔽二意俱在其中，可为边事之戒。”（《唐诗归》卷十二）。
艺术上叙事写景，形象逼真，衬托出壮烈的情怀。议论抒情，出言深睿精警，意绪起伏捭阖，透射出诗人强烈的愤懑和不愿同流合污的凛凛风仪。全诗语言看似平淡质朴，但由于“感赏之情，殆出常表”（徐献忠《唐诗品》）同样具有摄人心魄的艺术魅力。
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王昌龄《
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从军行七首》
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徐锡麟《
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出塞》
高适简介
唐代·高适的简介
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高适是我国唐代著名的边塞诗人，世称“高常侍”。 作品收录于《高常侍集》。高适与岑参并称“高岑”，其诗作笔力雄健，气势奔放，洋溢着盛唐时期所特有的奋发进取、蓬勃向上的时代精神。
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胡祗＊
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