定西番·紫塞月明千里
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唐代]：牛峤
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紫塞月明千里，金甲冷，戍楼寒。梦长安。
乡思望中天阔，漏残星亦残。画角数声呜咽，雪漫漫。
定西番·紫塞月明千里译文及注释
译文
明月千里照着长城，将士的盔甲寒冷如冰，戍楼上寒风凛冽，又把长安吹入梦中。
思乡的时候仰望苍天，苍天像思愁浩渺无边。刁斗的残声里残星稀落，城头响起几声呜咽的号角，随着纷飞的大雪漫漫地飘散。
注释
紫塞：长城，亦泛指北方边塞。
金甲：铁恺甲。
戍楼：边塞驻军的营房。
画角：古乐器名，出自西羌，口细尾大，形如牛角，以竹木或皮革制成，外加彩绘，故称“画角”。后来军中多用以报昏晓，振士气。
定西番·紫塞月明千里鉴赏
这首词描写边塞风物，表现征人的乡愁。词以“紫塞月明千里”开篇。北国早寒，夜间披金甲，本已凄冷难耐。孤独中眺望远天，只见明月临关，光照千里。浩荡的月色更引发乡思。紫塞与长安之间，隔千里兮共明月，对月怀人，千载同此情感，思极入梦，因有“梦长安”之语。牛峤是唐僖宗时的进士，他笔下的人物所梦的长安，当是实指，不是如后世之以长安代指京师。说是“梦长安”当兼思故土与念亲人，且当不止此一夕为然，所以下片便不接写梦中所见如何如何，不写比写出的容量更多。
下片仍是写月夜望乡。残夜行将消逝，望中只见高天辽阔，残星暗淡。慢漫飞雪中乡关迷茫。只听得戍楼之间间荡的画角数声，呜咽沉郁。在愁人听来，真是如拉如诉。后来周邦彦《浪淘沙慢》过片的“情切，望中地远天阔。向露冷风清无人处，耿耿寒漏咽”几勺，便从此出。唐末五代时期，战争频仍，民不聊生。而词坛上最多追逐声色艳情之作。诚如陆游《跋花间集》所说：“方斯时，天下岌岌，生民救死不暇，上大夫乃流宕如此，可叹也战！或者亦出于无聊故耶？”牛峤虽属花间派，在香艳的词作之外，还能将创作的视野由花间樽前扩展到边来戍楼，写出反映征人离愁之苦的作品，是很难得的。
这首词所写的边塞乡愁，从其情调上看，更接近中唐李益的边塞七绝。它们所表现的悲凉、凄冷的情韵、气氛，正是日益衰败的悲剧时代的新反映。牛峤以紫塞戍楼、中天皓月、飞雪漫漫等景物寄情，使得这首小词的境界显得阔大、雄浑，因此，虽悲凉而不绝望，虽凄冷而含有对温情、幸福的期待。
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纳兰性德《
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浣溪沙·万里阴山万里沙》
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纳兰性德《
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于中好·雁帖寒云次第飞》
牛峤简介
唐代·牛峤的简介
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牛峤，字松卿（约公元890年前后在世），一字延峰，陇西人。生卒年均不详，约唐昭宗大顺初前后在世。乾符五年（公元878年）进士及第。历官拾遗，补尚书郎，后人又称“牛给事”。以词著名，词格类温庭筠。原有歌诗集三卷，今存词三十三首，（见《花间集》）诗六首。
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