忆昔
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宋代]：陆游
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忆昔从戎出渭滨，壶浆马首泣遗民。
夜栖高冢占星象，昼上巢车望虏尘。
共道功名方迫逐，岂知老病只逡巡。
灯前抚卷空流涕，何限人间失意人。
忆昔译文及注释
译文
回忆往日曾随军强渡渭水，在马背上看着遗民提着酒浆对我们哭诉。
夜里躺在高山上看着繁星，白天又在战车上眺望着胡虏逃跑的烟尘。
都认为功名屈指可得，谁知道老了病了只能独自徘徊。
一盏青灯下握着书卷徒然痛哭，怎会想到竟是这世上的失意之人。
注释
壶浆：指酒浆。
高冢：即高山。
迫逐：等于说很快可以求得。
逡巡（qūn xún）：因为有所顾虑而徘徊不前或退却。
卷：指史籍。
流涕：流泪。
忆昔创作背景
乾道八年（1172），陆游接受四川宣抚使王炎的邀请，赴南郑（汉中）襄赞军务，遂在当时的抗金重地南郑过了一段令他毕生难忘的军旅生活。诗人晚年，写了相当多的诗词回忆他这段军旅生活，这首诗就是其中一首。此诗写于宋宁宗庆元三年（1197），当时诗人处于闲职，以中奉大夫衔提举冲祐观。
参考资料：
1、缪钺 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：1479
忆昔鉴赏
“忆昔”这个题目，一般地说都应该包括两方面内容：对昔日生活的回顾和由此产生的感想。这首诗即分两部分来写。
前两句写初到南郑。从南郑跨越秦岭，出大散关，即临渭河，所以说“出渭滨”。首句写作者当年曾随军强渡渭水，次句写关中百姓慰问宋军，并向他们泣诉在被占区所受到的屈辱，言外之意就是殷切期望宋军收复失地。三四句写在南郑的活动。这两句用“昼”“夜”概括全天活动，从中可以体会到作者以全部精力投入到北伐准备工作的炽烈感情。
后四句是忆后的悲愤心情。“共道功名方迫逐”，用“大家都认为”功名屈指可待来展示诗人当年的壮志。“岂知老病只逡巡”，用“没有料到”作转折，使前面句句之意急转直下，至末二句则与前半首形成鲜明对比。如今他一边抚摸书卷，一边流泪。诗人灯下披览史书，联想自己，不由得悲从中来。
此诗在章法上，每两句构成一个小的意群，再由这四个链条组成全篇，结构天成，思路精密。语言运用上，作者深于锤炼，比如“壶浆马首泣遗民”，一句三意，写尽了北方遗民的心情。第六句用“逡巡”写眼前，不仅表现了一个“老病”者的行动特征，而且刻画出一个有志之士无法施展抱负的彷徨心理。
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周邦彦《
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点绛唇·伤感》
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韦庄《
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菩萨蛮·如今却忆江南乐》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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