送秘书晁监还日本国
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唐代]：王维
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积水不可极，安知沧海东。
九州何处远，万里若乘空。
向国唯看日，归帆但信风。
鳌身映天黑，鱼眼射波红。
乡树扶桑外，主人孤岛中。
别离方异域，音信若为通。
送秘书晁监还日本国创作背景
唐玄宗开元五年（717）随日本遣唐使来九州留学，改姓名为晁衡。天宝十二载，晃衡乘船回国探亲。临行前，玄宗、王维、包佶等人都作诗赠别，表达了对这位日本朋友深挚的情谊，其中以王维这一首写得最为感人。
参考资料：
1、刘德重 等 ．唐诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1983 ：164-165 ．
送秘书晁监还日本国鉴赏
古代赠别诗通常以交代送别的时间、地点、环境发端，借景物描写来烘染离情别意。这首诗不同，开头便是一声深沉的慨叹：茫茫沧海简直不可能达到尽头，又怎么能知道那沧海以东是怎样一番景象呢！突如其来，喷薄而出，令人心神为之一震。三四两句一问一答，寄寓诗人深情：九州以外，哪里最为遥远？恐怕就要算迢迢万里之外的日本了。友人要去那里，真象登天一样难。头四句极写大海的辽阔无垠和日本的渺远难即，造成一种令人惆怅、迷惘、惴惴不安的浓重氛围。
接下来四句，是写想象中友人渡海的情景。在当时的科学水平和技术条件下，横渡大海到日本去是一种极为冒险、生死未卜的事情。通常是正面实写海上的景象，诸如气候的无常、风涛的险恶等等，借以表达对航海者的忧虑和悬念。第三联写得惊耳怵目，扣人心弦，富有精警之意。无论语言是怎样的铺张扬厉，情感是怎样的激宕淋漓，要在一首短诗中把海上航行中将要遇到的无数艰难险阻说完道尽，毕竟是办不到的。所以，王维采用了另外一种别开生面的手法：避实就虚，从有限中求无限。“向国惟看日，归帆但信风”，要说的意思只开了一个头便立即带住，让读者自己去思索，联想，补充，丰富。《新唐书。东夷传》云：“日本使自言国近日所出，以为名。”这里“日”字双关，兼指太阳和日本国。航海者就凭几片风帆、数支橹桨，随风飘流，可见艰险已极。诗人不作正面描绘，只提供联想线索；不言艰险而艰险之状自明，不说忧虑而忧虑之情自见，正是这两句诗高明的地方。最有特色的，还是“鳌身映天黑，鱼眼射波红”两句。在这里，诗人不只是没有实写海上景象，而且虚构了两种怪异的景物：能把天空映黑的巨鳌，眼里红光迸射的大鱼，同时展现出四种色彩：黑，红，蓝（天），碧（波），构成了一幅光怪陆离、恢宏阔大的动的图画。波涛在不停地奔涌，巨鳌与大鱼在不停地出没，四种色彩在不断地交织和变幻，表达了诗人对友人海上航行艰险、安危的忧虑。
历代的诗论家们公认王维“诗中有画”，但往往没有注意到，他的“诗中画”大多是“绘画所描绘不出的画境”。这首诗即是如此。人们公认王维是着色的高手。但往往没有注意到，他笔下的色彩不是客观对象的一种消极的附属物，而是创造环境氛围、表现主观情感的积极手段。这两句诗利用色彩本身的审美特性来表情达意，很富创造性，有很高的借鉴价值。
最后两句，诗人设想晁衡战胜艰难险阻，平安回到祖国，但又感叹无法互通音讯。这就进一步突出了依依难舍的深情。
这是一曲中日两国的传统友谊之歌。通篇没有用一个概念性的语词来明言所表现的究竟是什么情感，但我们从目的地的渺远、航程的艰险和诗人的声声喟叹中，可以明确无误地体会到，这是一种怅惘、忧愁、悬念、惜别等等杂糅交织的至精至诚的情谊。
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苏轼《
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蝶恋花·暮春别李公择》
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高适《
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送魏八》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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