九日置酒
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宋代]：宋祁
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溪态澄明初雨毕，日痕清淡不成霞。
九日置酒译文及注释
译文
我特别看重这晚秋九月九美好早晨的风物清嘉，命人在高台上张起双重帷幕，让乐队奏响动听的琴瑟琵琶。
寻求欢畅任随帽子在风中掉落，彼此劝酒争吹杯里的菊花。
雨后溪水的形态多么澄净空明，初晴的淡淡日光不能映成彩霞。
我这白头太守真是过份痴愚，指望避邪把茱萸插满了鬓发。
注释
九日：农历九月初九重阳节。置酒：安排酒宴。
物华：自然景物。
复帐：双重的帷帐。驻：驻留。鸣笳（jiā）：泛指奏乐。笳，胡笳，古管乐器名，汉时流行于西域一带少数民族间，初卷芦叶吹之，与乐器相和，后以竹为之。
邀欢：寻求欢乐。落风前帽：用孟嘉事。《晋书·孟嘉传》：“孟嘉为桓温参军，九月九日，温宴龙山，僚佐毕集。······有风至，吹嘉帽堕地，嘉不觉之，……温命孙盛作文嘲嘉。”
促饮：催人饮酒。酒上花：指菊花。南朝梁宗懔《荆楚岁时记》：“九月九日，佩茱萸、食饵，饮菊花酒。”
溪态：犹溪流。
日痕：日光。
白头太守：作者自指。
“满插”句：古俗于九月九日重阳节佩带茱萸，以祛邪避灾。茱萸，植物名，有山茱萸、吴茱萸、食茱萸三种，生于川谷，其味香烈。辟，同“避”。
参考资料：
1、霍松林 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：70-71
2、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：68-69
3、刘永生．宋诗选：天津古籍出版社，1997：39
九日置酒创作背景
宋祁晚年外放，历知寿、陈、许、亳、成德、定、益、郑等军州。诗人平生喜宾客，好游宴，尚奢华，但他却能以坦荡的胸襟、豁达的态度，来对待宦海的沉浮，这首诗即作于一次宴会后。体现了诗人积极乐观的精神面貌。
参考资料：
1、张鸣．宋诗选：人民文学出版社，2004：68-69
九日置酒鉴赏
近人陈衍说：“九日登高，不作感慨语，似只有此诗。”（《宋诗精华录》）评价得很好。
诗的首联破题。起句点明节令，音调高扬。绚丽的物华，宜人的秋色，令诗人为之神驰。一个“重”字流露出诗人流连光景之意，领起全诗。同样写秋晨，则“云物凄清拂曙流，汉家宫阙动高秋”（赵嘏《长安秋望》），有送目伤秋之愁；“白雁南飞天欲霜，萧萧风雨又重阳”（鲁渊《重九》），则有去国怀乡之思。而宋祁此句，不作愁语，气局一新。这也是诗人境遇气质使然。
次句由“重”字引出。“高台复帐驻鸣茄”，气派十足。又是“高台”，又是“复帐”，又是“鸣茄”，其场面之阔绰，气氛之热烈，历历如绘。这决非庶民之登高，而是富贵人赏秋的情景。诗人少年得志，一生显达，历任知制诰、工部尚书、翰林学士承旨，晚年知成都府，该诗中有“白首太守”之句，应是晚年在成都所作。
颔联承上，写佳日兴会，形象鲜明。出句与对句分写登高与饮酒两个场面。“遨欢”、“促饮”二语，道出了高朋满座、觥筹交错的盛况。“任落风前帽”一句活用典故。《晋书·孟嘉传》：“孟嘉为桓温参军，九日游龙山，风至，吹嘉帽，温命孙盛为文嘲之。”古人把此事作为风流美事，杜甫曾反其意而用之：“羞将短发还吹帽，笑倩旁人为正冠。”（《九日蓝田崔氏庄》）甚为宋人所激赏。宋祁又反杜诗之意。一用“羞”，一用“住”；一沉郁，一洒脱。显示心境不同，诗境亦不同。“争吹酒上花”，意谓争饮菊花酒。重阳节登山饮菊花酒是自古以来的传统雅事。“任落”、“争吹”两词相反相成。诗人兴会淋漓之状毕现。
颈联一转，以景语出之，写登山所见。诗人把酒临风，游目骋怀，只见上下天光，一片清明。“溪态澄明初雨毕，日痕清淡不成霞”，经过一番秋雨刷洗之后，天宇澄净，秋容清淡。二句境界开阔，气象恢宏。“明”字与“清”字道出了秋晨的特色。其意境与韩琦“虽惭老圃秋容淡，且着黄花晚节香”（《九日水阁》）约略有相似处。宋祁修唐书十余年，晚年“弥为进境”（《四库全书总目提要》语）。他“博学能文章，天资蕴藉，好游宴，以矜持自喜，晚年知成都府，带《唐书》于本任刊修……远近观者，皆知尚书修唐书矣，望之如神仙焉。”（《东轩笔录》）此诗的境界与他积极处世的态度有关。
尾联笔力所聚，精彩益显，以欣喜的心情、活脱的形象作结。“白头太守真愚甚”一句，幽默诙谐，乃诗人自画像，形神俱出。“愚甚”两字，表面自嘲，实却矜持。“白头太守”，不仅刻画诗人与众不同的外貌，更表明了诗人的太守身份。意谓“九日置酒”非一般登高，而是太守在宴游。一股富贵气从中透出，照应首联。结句“满插”为“愚甚”作了注脚。古人有重九登高插茱萸以压邪的习俗。《续齐谐记》：“费长房令桓景九月九日囊茱英，登高以避祸。”诗人故用“满插茱萸”的夸张笔法，描绘自己放浪形骸，豁达开朗。杜牧有“菊花须插满头归”（《九日齐山登高》）之句，乃故作旷达语，强颜欢笑；杜甫《九日蓝田崔氏庄》一诗，亦以茱萸作结，“醉把茱萸仔细看”，乃辛酸语，寄寓了身世飘零之慨。而宋祁此句与之异趣，原因在于身世际遇不同。
此诗俊逸流畅，属对工巧，尤其是末联，给全篇平添喜剧气氛，生活情趣极浓。良辰美景，赏心乐事，诗人适逢其会，发为词章，写成了这首充满兴致的作品。
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杜甫《
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九日五首·其一》
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武则天《
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曳鼎歌》
宋祁简介
唐代·宋祁的简介
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宋祁（998～1061）北宋文学家。字子京，安州安陆（今湖北安陆）人，后徙居开封雍丘（今河南杞县）。天圣二年进士，官翰林学士、史馆修撰。与欧阳修等合修《新唐书》，书成，进工部尚书，拜翰林学士承旨。卒谥景文，与兄宋庠并有文名，时称“二宋”。诗词语言工丽，因《玉楼春》词中有“红杏枝头春意闹”句，世称“红杏尚书”。
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炮局杂诗 其五
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：
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周作人
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一夜寒灯十首诗，若中作乐有谁知。而今木屋飕飕冷，正是无忧无虑时。
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题深省庵
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宋代：
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蒲寿宬
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结草为庵寄一枝，钟鱼聊复事清规。
野蔬入供无人识，古柏为香有佛知。
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子昂逸马图
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元代：
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袁桷
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神骏飘飘得自閒，天池飞跃下尘寰。青丝络首谁收得，留与春风十二闲。